The development and prospects of the end-of-life vehicle recycling system in Taiwan

Automobiles usually contain toxic substances, such as lubricants, acid solutions and coolants. Therefore, inappropriate handling of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) will result in environmental pollution. ELV parts, which include metallic and non-metallic substances, are increasingly gaining recycling value due to the recent global shortage of raw materials. Hence, the establishment of a proper recycling system for ELVs will not only reduce the impact on the environment during the recycling process, but it will also facilitate the effective reuse of recycled resources. Prior to 1994, the recycling of ELVs in Taiwan was performed by related operators in the industry. Since the publishing of the “End-of-life vehicle recycling guidelines” under the authority of the Waste Disposal Act by the Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) in 1994, the recycling of ELVs in Taiwan has gradually become systematic. Subsequently, the Recycling Fund Management Board (RFMB) of the EPA was established in 1998 to collect a Collection–Disposal–Treatment Fee (recycling fee) from responsible enterprises for recycling and related tasks. Since then, the recycling channels, processing equipment, and techniques for ELVs in Taiwan have gradually become established. This paper reviews the establishment of the ELV recycling system, analyzes the current system and its performance, and provides some recommendations for future development. The reduction of auto shredder residue (ASR) is a key factor in maximizing the resource recovery rate and recycling efficiency. The RFMB needs to provide strong economic incentives to further increase the recycling rate and to encourage the automobile industry to design and market greener cars.     

好氧堆肥高温期的嗜热真菌和嗜热放线菌群落结构

使用传统的培养方法和PCR-DGGE技术对好氧堆肥高温期的嗜热真菌和嗜热放线菌群落结构进行了研究.分别采用园林垃圾和餐厨垃圾作为堆肥原料,进行了20d好氧堆肥.高温期(≥50℃)持续了10d和8d.分别对2堆体高温期样品进行稀释平板混菌培养,真菌总数和放线菌总数均分别呈"降低-升高"和"升高-降低-升高"的趋势.同时提取微生物总DNA.分别使用真菌引物对(GC-NS7/NS8)和放线菌引物对(F243/GC-R513)从总DNA中成功扩增得到目标产物,对目标产物进行DGGE分离.传统培养法和DGGE图谱结果显示,不同堆体高温期的嗜热真菌和嗜热放线菌均表现出相似的变化规律,嗜热真菌优势菌比嗜热放线菌明显,但菌群总数比嗜热放线菌少.聚类分析结果表明,堆肥高温期嗜热真菌和嗜热放线菌分别以升温时56℃和58℃为界,分成2个明显的变化阶段,每阶段内部聚类关系较近.阶段间关系较远.温度对高温期真菌和放线菌具有明显的筛选作用.     

胶质芽孢杆菌、黑曲霉及与沸石联合对模拟废水中Fe3+处理研究

研究沸石、胶质芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mucilaginosus)、黑曲霉(Aspergillus Niger)、胶质芽孢杆菌与沸石联合以及黑曲霉与沸石联合对模拟废水中Fe3+的吸附等温曲线,分析它们对Fe3+模拟废水的吸附及絮凝作用。结果表明：沸石对Fe3+吸附作用符合Freundlich方程;胶质芽孢杆菌分泌含...     

摇动床生物膜反应器和活性污泥法组合技术处理高浓度有机废水的研究

利用摇动床生物膜反应器(简称摇动床)技术具有的容积负荷高与污泥产量低的优点,在普通活性污泥池的前部填充高性能丙烯酸树脂纤维(Biofringe)填料,研究了摇动床和活性污泥法组合技术处理高浓度有机废水的有效性。结果表明,该组合技术具有很强的有机物去除能力,当进水COD平均质量浓度由1500mg/L上升到2514mg/L时,出水COD的平均去除率基本保持在96%以上;整个运行阶段的出水COD浓度均满足《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)的二级标准;当进水NH4+-N浓度增加时,NH4+-N的去除率由99.7%降低到76.5%,但是在试验运行的整个阶段,摇动床和活性污泥法组合技术系统都表现出较强的硝化能力;活性污泥池中最高的混合液悬浮固体(MLSS)质量浓度为10625mg/L,最高MLSS约为普通活性污泥法的4倍;运行结束后的污泥产率为0.186,污泥产率仅为普通活性污泥法的50%左右。     

PTA废液回收利用技术

介绍了从精对苯二甲酸（PTA）废液中回收醋酸,邻、对苯二甲酸,醋酸钴锰盐的回收工艺。醋酸得率为90％,邻、对苯二甲酸得率为70％,醋酸钴锰盐得率为95％。该技术成熟、合理,具有较好的经济效益和环境效益。     

固相萃取富集快速测定水样中痕量铜离子

采用固相萃取（SPE）富集水样中痕量铜离子继以分光光度法测定的方法,对样品浓度、SPE柱流速等诸多影响SPE柱效率的因素进行了研究,建立了一种简便、快速测定水样中痕量铜离子的新方法。结果表明,样品浓度低时,经过SPE柱时流速低,SPE柱富集效率高。当铜离子浓度为0－20μg／L时,铜离子富集倍数可达2000倍,回收率大于90％,相对标准偏差为6．5％,方法检测限可达0．5μg／L。     

海洋油气资源开发技术发展战略研究

开辟深水油气勘探开发领域、实现边际油田的高效和经济开发是提高油气后续发展能力。保障油气资源安全的重要途径之一。我国在深水油气勘探开发技术方面基础较薄弱．在“十一五”期间尚不具备开发深水油气的条件。因此“十一五”期间需针对我圈海域特点选择部分关键技术进行重点攻关。实现我国海洋油气开发由近海向深水的技术转移。为实现全海域资源开发提供高技术支撑。本文以海洋油气资源开发技术为对象．从海洋油气资源及其勘探开发状况、国内外技术发展现状和趋势、图象及社会经济需求筹方面进行内外部环境条件分析．提出了我国海洋油气资源技术领域所面临的挑战以及与国际水平的差距。并对制约我国该技术领域和相关油气产业发展的瓶颈技术、国外垄断技术进行了分析．最终提出我国海洋资源开发技术发展的战略目标和战略模式。     

生物滴滤塔脱除污泥干化尾气中的SO2

以市政污泥干化尾气中的主要含硫物质二氧化硫(SO2)为处理对象,从市政污泥中筛选出高效脱硫菌——嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,A.f),搭建了实验室规模的生物滴滤塔,考察了进气质量浓度、气体停留时间、营养液喷淋密度和营养液中Fe2+浓度对生物滴滤塔脱除SO2的影响....     

In situ electron-induced reduction of NOx via CNTs activated by DBD at low temperature

• An in situ electron-induced deNO_x process with CNT activated by DBD was achieved. • Carbon atoms on CNT surface were verified to be excited by plasma in DBD-CNT system. • Reactions between NO_x and excited C result in synergistic effect of DBD-CNT system. In this study, a new in situ electron-induced process is presented with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a reduction agent activated by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) for nitrogen oxide (NO_x) abatement at low temperature (<407 K). Compared with a single DBD system and a DBD system with activated carbon (DBD-AC), a DBD system with carbon nanotubes (DBD-CNT) showed a significant promotion of NO_x removal efficiency and N₂ selectivity. Although the O₂ content was 10%, the NO_x conversion and N₂ selectivity in the DBD-CNT system still reached 64.9% and 81.9% at a specific input energy (SIE) of 1424 J/L, and these values decreased to 16.8%, 31.9% and 43.2%, 62.3% in the single DBD system and the DBD-AC system, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were utilized to investigate surface changes in the CNTs after activation by DBD to explore the NO_x reduction abatement mechanism of this new process. Furthermore, the outlet gas components were also observed via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to help reveal the NO_x reduction mechanism. Experimental results verified that carbon atoms excited by DBD and the structure of CNTs contributed to the synergistic activity of the DBD-CNT system. The new deNO_x process was accomplished through in situ heterogenetic reduction reactions between the NO_x and carbon atoms activated by the plasma on the CNTs. In addition, further results indicated that the new deNO_x process exhibited acceptable SO₂ tolerance and water resistance.