政务大厅一站式办公经济分析报告--吉林省政府政务大厅环保局窗口进厅项目调查

政务大厅由政府组建实行一站式办公,为纳税人提供全面的行政审批服务。它改变了计划经济的政府服务模式,充分体现了政府作风转变后的依法行政举措,既方便了群众,又为经济发展注入了软环境支持,因而受到企业和群众的普遍欢迎。同时,政务大厅的组建也提高了政务审批时效,为机关工作和企业发展降低了成本。     

环境中土霉素残留去除方法研究进展

土霉素是一种应用极为广泛的广谱抗生素。近年来,由于其在畜禽养殖业中的大量应用而导致的环境污染问题已经引起全世界的广泛关注。我国是土霉素消费大国,其污染问题更是亟待解决。综述了国内外对环境中残留土霉素的物理化学及生物处理方法,对处理机制及去除效果进行分析。并针对研究现状提出了今后的研究方向。     

Fate and degradation of nonylphenolic compounds during wastewater treatment process

In order to explore the biodegradation behavior of nonylphenolic compounds during wastewater treatment processing, two full-scale wastewater treatment plants were investigated and batch biodegradation experiments were conducted. The biodegradation pathways under the various operational conditions were identified from batch experiments: shortening of ethoxy-chains dominated under the anaerobic condition, whereas oxidizing of the terminal alcoholic group prevailed over the other routes under the aerobic condition. Results showed that the anoxic condition could accelerate the biodegradation rates of nonylphenolic compounds, but had no influence on the biodegradation pathway. The biodegradation rates of nonylphenol (NP) and short-chain nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPnEOs, n: number of ethoxy units) increased from the anaerobic condition, then the anoxic, finally to the aerobic condition, while those of long-chain NPnEOs and nonylphenoxy carboxylates (NPECs) seemed similar under the various conditions. Under every operational condition, long-chain NPnEOs showed the highest biodegradation activity, followed by NPECs and short-chain NPnEOs, whereas NP showed relatively recalcitrant characteristics especially under the anaerobic condition. In addition, introducing sulfate and nitrate to the anaerobic condition could enhance the biodegradation of NP and short-chain NPnEOs by supplying more positive redox potentials.     

Long-term winter observation of nitrous acid in the urban area of Beijing

The particulate matter (PM) pollution has been significantly improved by carrying out various valid emission control strategies since 2013 in China. Meanwhile the variation trend of nitrous acid (HONO) is worthy to investigate due to its vital role in the atmospheric oxidation process. In this study, field observation in the winter is conducted to investigate the concentration of HONO in an urban area of Beijing. In the winter of 2019, the mean HONO concentration is 1.38 ppbV during the whole winter. Photo-enhanced NO₂ heterogeneous reactions on the ground and aerosol surfaces were found as the possible daytime sources of HONO. Compared to O₃, photolysis of HONO dominates the primary OH sources during the winter time. To understand the HONO pollution patterns by years variation, multi-year data is summarized and finds that primary pollutants including CO and NO decreased, but secondary pollutants i.e., HONO (mostly generated via secondary process) increased. Our study highlights the requirement to mitigate secondary pollution by control HONO concentration.     

低温环境下人工湿地植物组配对养殖废水的处理效果研究

强化低温环境下人工湿地的污水处理能力,对于促进人工湿地的应用推广具有重要的意义。本研究利用绿狐尾藻(Myriophyllum aquaticum)和菖蒲(Acorus calamus L.)两种湿地植物,在室外低温环境下(＜15℃),研究人工湿地植物组配对不同负荷养殖废水的处理效应及关键影响因素。结果表明,在不种、单种和不同顺序混种绿狐尾藻(M.aquaticum)和菖蒲(A.calamus L.)处理下,菖蒲+绿狐尾藻组合湿地(AM)对TN、TP和COD去除率均为最高,在低负荷和高负荷环境下平均去除率分别为74.2%、71.3%、83.0%和67.3%、81.9%、75.3%。相较于空白对照和植物单种的湿地系统,植物混种系统的DO较高,且AM处理在低负荷和高负荷环境下均能保持较高的C∶N。根据Pearson相关性以及PCA分析,DO与TN、NH⁺₄-N去除率显著相关(P<0.05),C∶N与COD去除关联性最好。可见,菖蒲+绿狐尾藻植物组合可能通过改善DO和C∶N等湿地微环境条件来增强湿地对污染物的去除,能够作为低温环境下强化湿地对污染物去除的一种有效措施。     

某石化企业境外员工身心健康状况调查分析及管理建议

对境外员工健康事件进行了调查统计,分析了健康事件发生的原因,提出了境外员工健康管理建议。     

WLTC循环下汽油车氨排放影响因素分析

为研究WLTC（worldwide light-duty test cycle,全球轻型汽车驾驶循环）循环下常规污染物和行驶工况对汽油车NH₃排放的影响,选定一辆满足国Ⅴ排放标准、配备TWC（three way catalyst,三元催化器）尾气后处理装置的轻型汽油车,测定其在WLTC循环下CO₂、CO、NO_x和NH₃的摩尔排放量.结果表明:CO、NO_x与NH₃排放的线性相关系数分别为0.626和0.321.NH₃高排放的出现除了伴有CO的高排放外,还需车辆具有高速和持续的正向加速度.用配备TWC尾气后处理装置前、后NO_x排放量的差值表示NO_x的转化量发现,NO_x的高转化量并不一定对应NH₃的高排放量,在循环后期大量产生的NO_x会抑制NH₃的排放.由于VSP（vehicle specific power,比功率）能综合反映行驶工况,研究行驶工况对NH₃排放的影响时主要分析VSP与NH₃之间的关系,通过VSP聚类方法将VSP划分为不同区间,得出当VSP Bin（vehicle specific power bin,比功率区间）大于0时,基于CO₂的NH₃排放基本呈随VSP Bin增大而增加的规律,并且基于CO₂的NH₃排放量最大值对应的VSP Bin为持续正向加速工况.研究显示,常规污染物中CO和NO_x对NH₃的排放会产生不同程度的影响,加速度作为行驶工况的表征参数之一会直接或通过影响CO和NO_x的排放间接影响NH₃的生成.      

浅析GBZ49-2014标准所摒弃的“观察对象”

结合在从事职业健康检查中应用GBZ49-2002《职业性听力损伤诊断标准》、GBZ49-2007《职业性噪声聋诊断标准》与GBZ49-2014《职业性噪声聋诊断》进行听力测试评定的实践,认为新旧标准更替中先后取消观察对象分级和观察对象,对劳动者的听力监护工作存在着不利的影响,建议相关部门采取相关补充措施,重新科学、合理界定观察对象及其分级,以更利于用人单位做好听力监护工作。     

90Sr在干旱地区包气带砂土中的迁移研究

放射性废物处置的基本安全目标是保护人类和环境免受电离辐射的有害影响.开展处置场环境影响评价可以量化它对人体健康和环境潜在影响.90Sr是放射性废物中具有代表性的裂变核素.为了获取90Sr在干旱地区某处置场址包气带砂土中的迁移规律,采用静态实验和动态实验对其在砂土的迁移进行了研究.结果表明,对于该场址,砂土对90Sr的吸附能力较弱;静态实验测量得到的分配系数与动态实验拟合计算得到的相差约一个量级;采用非平衡模式模拟该场址包气带砂土中90Sr的迁移更为恰当.     

有机磷及氨基甲酸酯类农药单独和联合作用对PC_(12)细胞DNA损伤的影响

研究有机磷类农药毒死蜱和对硫磷、氨基甲酸酯类农药克百威和残杀威单独及联合染毒大鼠嗜铬细胞瘤株(PC12细胞)所致的DNA损伤情况及联合作用模式。分别以0μmol·L~(-1)、50μmol·L~(-1)、100μmol·L~(-1)、200μmol·L~(-1)、400μmol·L~(-1)的有机磷农药毒死蜱、对硫磷与0μmol·L~(-1)、25μmol·L~(-1)、50μmol·L~(-1)、100μmol·L~(-1)、200μmol·L~(-1)的氨基甲酸酯类农药克百威、残杀威单独及两两联合染毒PC12细胞12 h后进行彗星实验,采用彗尾长度、尾部DNA百分含量、尾矩3个指标来衡量DNA损伤程度。结果表明:毒死蜱、克百威、对硫磷、残杀威染毒PC12细胞12 h后,细胞出现拖尾,呈现典型的彗星图像。染毒后PC12细胞彗尾长度、尾部DNA百分含量、尾矩较对照组显著增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。析因分析表明,无论低剂量联合还是高剂量联合,毒死蜱与克百威、对硫磷与残杀威均有交互作用(P0.01),作用模式为协同作用。以上结果提示,有机磷及氨基甲酸酯类农药单独及联合作用均可引起PC12细胞DNA损伤,联合作用后损伤程度要高于单独作用,且低剂量和高剂量联合时均存在交互作用,作用模式为协同作用。