钻井环境污染过程控制技术综述

钻井环境污染控制是实现清洁钻井的必要手段,文章介绍了钻井过程中的污染物和钻井作业环境污染控制措施,重点综述了钻井废水、废气、固体废物和噪声等环境污染控制技术。通过钻井环境污染过程控制将钻井作业对环境影响和危害的程度降至最低。     

基于CA-Markov模型的新疆克州土地利用动态模拟研究

利用"3S"技术及IDRISI软件中的CA-Markov模型,以2005年为起始时刻,对新疆克州2015年土地利用格局进行模拟预测.研究认为:研究区土地利用覆盖结构呈现"两大、四小"的特点,即:草地及未利用土地面积大,而耕地、林地、水域及城乡居民工矿建设用地面积较小;与2005年相比,模拟的2015年研究区土地利用结构变化不大,仍然是以草地和未利用地面积为主,各土地利用类型面积变化也不大,其中,耕地、林地和城乡建设用地面积将略有增加,而草地、水域面积将有所减少,未利用地面积也有一定的增加,总体上,研究区内生态环境将可能进一步呈恶化趋势.     

加快胶州生态市建设工作的几点建议

近年来,胶州市的生态环境保护工作水平虽然在整体上有了提高,但仍存在一些问题.本文首先介绍了胶州的经济、环境质量、生态、污染控制现状,在此基础上分析了影响生态城市建设存在的问题,如空气污染、水污染、管网不配套等,最后就生态市建设提出了建立有效领导机制、深化综合治理、推行循环经济、推进环境优美乡镇建设、加大环保投入等五项建议.     

A combined plasma photolysis (CPP) method for removal of CS2 from gas streams at atmospheric pressure

A combined plasma photolysis (CPP) reactor that utilizes a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma and 207 nm UV radiation from discharge-driven KrBr^* excimers was designed and constructed. Gas streams containing CS₂ were treated with stand-alone DBD and CPP at atmospheric pressure. In comparison to DBD, CPP greatly enhanced the removal efficiency at the same applied voltage, waste gas concentration and gas residence time. Thus the applied voltage could be reduced to a certain extent in the plasma processing of industrial wastes. Influences of the KrBr^* radiation, inlet CS₂ concentration and gas residence time on CS₂ removal by CPP were also studied. In addition, the likely reaction mechanisms for the removal of CS₂ by CPP are suggested based on the byproducts analysis. The enhanced removal efficiency and reaction mechanisms implied that the CPP process would probably be suitable for the removal of a large number of gaseous pollutants.     

Assessment of the relative toxicity of Cu2+ by measuring structural changes of supercoiled DNA

A method for the measurement of the relative toxicity of Cu2+ in aquatic environments is proposed. It is based on the quantitative measurement on the shape change of the supercoiled DNA after it is contacted with different levels of Cu2+ for various time intervals. In the absence of any redox reagents, all supercoiled DNA degraded into other forms of DNA after 24h incubation in the presence of 5.13 x 10(-3), 5.08 x 10(-4) and 5.35 x 10(-5)mol/L Cu2+. At a lower Cu2+ concentration (10(-6)mol/L), 44% of supercoiled DNA retained its original supercoiled form after 24 h, and 29% after 48 h. The concentration of RC50, i.e. concentration of pollutants at which 50% of the supercoiled DNA was relaxed compared to control samples, can be obtained from the does-response curves at different exposure time, which may provide a rapid and convenient approach to assess the relative toxicity of environmental pollutants.     

用废锂电池制备Co3O4

将废锂电池正极用酸溶解,再分别采用分步沉淀法和吸附沉淀法去除废锂电池液中的Fe^3＋,Al^3＋,Ca^2＋,Mg^2＋,抽滤后得到含CoSO。的滤液;用NaHCO3作沉淀剂,对CoSO4滤液进行沉淀反应,将得到的沉淀物过滤、洗涤、干燥后得CoCO4粉末;将CoCO4粉末进行煅烧后得Co3O4粉末。实验得出的制备CoCO4粉末的最佳工艺条件：反应温度50℃,用NaHCO,作沉淀剂;制备Co3O4粉末的最佳工艺条件：煅烧温度600℃,煅烧时间大于4h。在该条件下得到的Co3O4粉末符合锂电池生产的要求。     

湿度传感器在环境监测中的技术应用研究

湿度是大气环境的主要参数,利用湿度传感器对环境湿度的监测能够及时掌握环境状态。首先,分析湿度传感器的结构和工作原理,对湿度传感器接收的信号进行处理。其次,选择SHT10系列湿度传感器作为湿度监测设备,开展湿度传感器的校准。最后,针对大气湿度进行湿度试验,分析试验结果。结果显示,监测显示误差小于0.354 %RH,具有一定的监测精度,且P值均大于α,由此判断湿度传感器监测具有一定的一致性,能够符合大气环境湿度监测要求。     

浮萍生长及其除磷效率的影响因素的研究

磷是藻类增殖的限制因子,是引起水体富营养化的关键营养物质.有效除磷,能在很大程度上减轻水体的富营养化.利用浮萍科植物吸收转化污水中的营养物质引起了越来越多研究者的关注,但对浮萍科植物除磷效果的影响因素的研究相对较少.以少根紫萍(Spirodela oligorrhiza)为供试材料,以完全培养液为处理对象,研究了培养液pH、少根紫萍初始放养密度对其生长及除磷效率的影响.结果表明:少根紫萍能够耐受的最低pH在4左右,在pH＝5～9能正常生长,在pH＝6～8具有较高的TP去除率,最高去除率可达84.1%;少根紫萍的相对增长率随其初始放养密度的增加而降低,但其鲜重增长量、平均增长速率、TP去除率及平均TP去除速率均随着初始放养密度的增加而增加.     

粉煤灰合成分子筛及处理含氟废水的研究

实验利用工业废渣——循环流化床粉煤灰合成出较高结晶度的X型和P型分子筛,合成过程无须高温焙烧预处理.通过XRD分析表征,发现该法合成分子筛结晶度较高,X型和P型分子筛相对结晶度分别达68%～75%和55%.实验应用合成分子筛进行载铁改性,并对NaF模拟的工业含氟废水进行了除氟实验.结果表明,载铁X型分子筛处理工业含氟废水效果良好,除氟率可达74%～98%,除氟容量达25.0～30.0 mg/g.在处理含氟废水过程中,载铁合成分子筛与其他除氟剂相比较,具有除氟率高、除氟容量大、反应迅速的特点.     

Effect of SiO2 addition on NH4HSO4 decomposition and SO2 poisoning over V2O5–MoO3/TiO2–CeO2 catalyst

The deposition of NH₄HSO₄ and the poisoning effect of SO₂ on SCR catalyst are the main obstacles that restrict the industrial application of CeO₂-doped SCR catalysts. In this work, deposited NH₄HSO₄ decomposition behavior and SO₂ poisoning over V₂O₅–MoO₃/TiO₂ catalysts modified with CeO₂ and SiO₂ were investigated. By the means of characterization analysis, it was found that the addition of SiO₂ into VMo/Ti–Ce had an impact on the interaction existed between catalyst surface atoms and NH₄HSO₄. Temperature-programmed methods and in situ diffused reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) experiments indicated that the doping of SiO₂ promoted the decomposition of deposited NH₄HSO₄ on VMo/Ti–Ce catalyst surface by reducing the thermal stability of NH₄HSO₄ and enhancing the NH₄HSO₄ reactivity with NO in low temperature. And this improvement may be the reason for the better catalytic activity than VMo/Ti–Ce in the case of NH₄HSO₄ deposition. Accompanied with cerium sulfate species generated over catalyst surface, the conversion of SO₂ to SO₃ was inhibited in SiCe mixed catalyst. The addition of SiO₂ could promote the decomposition of cerium sulfate, which may be a potential strategy to enhance the resistance of SO₂ poisoning over CeO₂-modifed catalysts.