味精-卡那霉素混合废水的厌氧生物处理

采用改进结构的上流式厌氧污泥床反应器,在３５℃下处理味精,卡那霉素混合废水。试验结果表明：预先排除大部分气体,可有效地控制污泥上浮,使厌氧消化集中在床部完全;     

清镇市区空气质量评价与污染防治对策

从典型工业污染源、市区扬尘来源、燃料燃烧、机动车尾气等方面对清镇市市区大气污染成因进行分析,特别是采用ADMS模型对清镇市主城区周边7家典型工业污染源进行研究,最后,从工业布局、能源结构、工程治理、尾气控制方面提出相应的防治对策。     

南京地区7Be沉降特征

7Be是研究大气科学与地球化学的核元素之一,对研究短期过程的地表土壤颗粒迁移具有较大价值。为了解南京地区利用7Be进行土壤侵蚀示踪研究的合适时机,于2010年1月~2011年12月收集南京地区各月的7Be沉降样品,经实验室化学实验处理和γ谱仪测量,计算7Be沉降通量,并分析7Be大气沉降的季节性变化趋势。结果表明：南京地区平均7Be沉降量为1 62178 Bq/（m2·a）,沉降通量为066～1449 Bq/（m2·d）,平均沉降通量为444 Bq/（m2·d）;7Be沉降通量的季节变化呈现双峰型趋势,冬末春初和夏季是两个高值区;7Be沉降的а值冬春季较大,夏季最低;降雨量大小与沉降量存在明显的正相关     

基于局部强度阶梯折减法的边坡渐进破坏研究∗

通过强度折减法获取边坡的潜在滑裂带是目前数值计算广泛使用的方法,研究边坡滑裂带形成的渐进过程及坡体内部土体的应力状态具有重要的理论意义和工程价值。基于边坡破坏的渐进性思想,针对均质边坡提出了一种局部强度阶梯折减的方法。该方法以屈服接近度(YAI)作为判别土体是否存在破损区的评价标准,将局部破损区按不同破损次序分配予不同的折减系数,利用通用软件ABAQUS对局部坡体进行强度折减计算,研究边坡渐进变形过程,直至边坡发生整体破坏。计算结果表明,坡体内部初始破损区参与了潜在滑裂面的形成过程,对边坡后期渐进变形具有贡献;有效解决了传统强度折减法潜在滑裂面上折减区和非折减区边界处的塑性应变值的跳跃性问题,合理地演化了边坡的渐进失稳进程。     

350MW超临界锅炉水冷壁管爆管原因分析

利用宏观检查、金相组织分析、力学性能检测、化学成分分析以及断口扫描电镜分析等对失效管段进行了全面检测,分析某超临界锅炉水冷壁管的爆管原因。结果表明:安装人员将原设计的柔性连接改为刚性焊接连接,同时,施工质量较差,连接焊缝中存在未熔合缺陷导致严重的应力集中;顶棚过热器管与水冷壁管膨胀量及膨胀方向不一致,且反复变化,使水冷壁管与加强筋的搭接焊缝在锅炉运行过程中长期承受疲劳载荷,是导致本次水冷壁管开裂的直接原因。     

高速铁路采空区地基活化判据与工程实例分析∗

为探究高速铁路采空区地基活化问题,基于附加应力分析法,以引起叠加附加应力值等于 5% 岩土层自重应力的深度为附加应力影响深度,推导出高速铁路有砟轨道双线路堤段及路堑段在无列车、有列车情况下的附加应力影响深度计算公式,提出了以附加应力影响深度与垮落断裂带深度大小关系为依据的采空区地基活化判别标准,并分析了高速铁路采空区稳定性影响程度的评价标准。以沁水煤田太焦高速铁路为工程实例,研究结果表明： 高速铁路在采空区地基附加应力影响深度从大到小分别是列车交会、单车、无车;路堤段在采空区地基中附加应力影响深度大于路堑段;路堤段与路堑段在采空区地基中附加应力随深度衰减规律相同;随着路堤高度的增加,附加应力影响深度几乎成线性增加。     

太湖地区近百年Hg污染富集特征研究

通过对太湖梅梁湾沉积物柱样中重金属汞总量的分析测量,并结合210Pb和137Cs计算沉积速率以确定年代,由此探讨了近百年以来Hg的富集特征和Hg的积累过程。结合磁化率与粒度特征,分析其与太湖沉积物中Hg含量的相关关系。结果表明,近百年来太湖沉积物中Hg含量呈持续增长的趋势,但是在20世纪80年代初期以来,沉积物中Hg的含量在逐渐降低,这与流域区域内重度污染工业规模的缩减是息息相关的;磁性矿物含量的增加与重金属污染的输入有关,中值粒径含量与磁化率呈一定的负相关关系,不同粒级的沉积物对于Hg的富集起到不同的作用,其中>32μm的粒级对于Hg的吸附作用随深度的增加而有所加强。     

过氧化氢除藻及相关环境条件优化

采用室内培养的方式,通过正交试验研究了H_2O_2质量浓度、光照、pH值和温度4个因素复合作用对铜绿微囊藻去除的影响。结果表明,在所设置的各因素梯度范围内,对去除铜绿微囊藻影响最大的因素是H_2O_2质量浓度;光照和pH值对藻细胞数和叶绿素a的去除,以及H_2O_2残留量的影响各不相同;温度对藻细胞数的影响最小,对H_2O_2残留量的影响较小,对叶绿素a质量浓度的影响较大。除藻的最佳组合为A_1B_2C_3D_2,即光照为1 500 lx,H_2O_2质量浓度为50mg/L,pH值为8.5,温度为25℃。     

A spatially explicit empirical model of structural development processes in natural forests based on climate and topography

Stand structure develops with stand age. Old-growth forests with well-developed stand structure support many species. However, development rates of stand structure likely vary with climate and topography. We modeled structural development of 4 key stand variables and a composite old-growth index as functions of climatic and topographic covariates. We used a hierarchical Bayesian method for analysis of extensive snap-shot National Forest Inventory (NFI) data in Japan (n = 9244) to account for differences in stand age. Development rates of structural variables and the old-growth index exhibited curvilinear responses to environmental covariates. Flat sites were characterized by high rates of structural development. Approximately 150 years were generally required to attain high values (approximately 0.8) of the old-growth index. However, the predicted age to achieve specific values varied depending on environmental conditions. Spatial predictions highlighted regional variation in potential structural development rates. For example, sometimes there were differences of >100 years among sites, even in the same catchment, in attainment of a medium index value (0.5) after timber harvesting. The NFI data suggested that natural forests, especially old natural forests (>150 years), remain generally on unproductive ridges, steep slopes, or areas with low temperature and deep snow, where many structural variables show slow development rates. We suggest that maintenance and restoration of old natural forests on flat sites should be prioritized for conservation due to the likely rapid development of stand structure, although remaining natural forests on low-productivity sites are still important and should be protected.     

An empirical analysis on the impact of environmental regulations on pork trade:evidence from China

This paper uses the gravity model to examine the effect of environmental regulations on pork trade flows between different regions within China.We apply a linear programming tool to estimate pork trade flows from 2000 to 2008,and discuss the environmental acts on livestock pollution and income level to proxy environmental regulations.We use OLS regression and panel data with dummy variable in the cross-sectional GLS estimation.Our results indicate that the gap of environmental regulations between trade partners has a positive relationship with pork trade flows,and the difference in environmental regulations changes the traditional comparative advantage pattern to some extent.This paper provides convincing evidence for the pollution haven effect on livestock in China.