中德环保合作的高层往来

写在前面的话．本文完成于今年早些时候，但由于刊物在5月时更换出版单位，因而文章在实效性上略有欠缺，但访谈的内容是永久而实际的问题，在当今和未来都是可资借鉴的。     

New fetal cardiac imaging techniques

Rapid advances in graphics computing and micro-engineering have offered new techniques for prenatal cardiac imaging. Some of them can be non-invasively applied to both clinical and laboratory settings, including dynamic three-dimensional echocardiography, myocardial Doppler imaging, harmonic ultrasound imaging, and B-flow sonography. With clinical constraints, a few others have been mainly used in laboratories, such as endoscopic ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging and biomicroscopy. Appropriate use and co-use of these new tools will not only provide unique information for better clinical assessment of fetal cardiac disease but also offer new ways to improved understanding of cardiovascular development and pathogenesis. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

船舶区域溢油风险程度甄别的人工神经网络方法

利用误差反向传播 (BP)人工神经网络 ,建立了海域船舶溢油风险程度甄别的评价模型。该模型能够反映出研究海域各区域发生船舶溢油事件的风险等级差别 ,具有一定的客观性和实用性。     

听证、环保与公众参与--访美国加州能源委员会公共顾问玛格丽特·金(Margret.J.Kim)女士

前不久。美国加利福尼亚州能源委员会公共顾问玛格丽特．金女士来华参加有关环保与公众参与会议。会议期间。我刊记者对她进行了专访。就听证、公众参与及环境保护等一系列话题进行了深入探讨。金女士在委员会主要负责环境的决策。她曾负责起草环境影响评价的有关规章制度。[编者按]     

火电厂节水降耗措施

火电厂是耗水大户,随着水资源的日渐匮乏及环保法律的日趋严格,合理利用水资源,已成为火电厂面临的紧迫任务.在对国内用水指标进行分析的基础上,提出改造火电厂循环冷却水系统和除灰渣系统、建立废水回收利用系统、完善水务管理等节水措施,为火电厂的节水降耗和安全经济运行提供理论指导.     

Steady performance of a zero valent iron packed anaerobic reactor for azo dye wastewater treatment under variable influent quality

Zero valent iron (ZVI) is expected to help create an enhanced anaerobic environment that might improve the performance of anaerobic treatment. Based on this idea, a novel ZVI packed upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (ZVI-UASB) reactor was developed to treat azo dye wastewater with variable influent quality. The results showed that the reactor was less influenced by increases of Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B concentration from 50 to 1000 mg/L and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from 1000 to 7000 mg/L in the feed than a reference UASB reactor without the ZVI. The ZVI decreased oxidation-reduction potential in the reactor by about 80 mV. Iron ion dissolution from the ZVI could buffer acidity in the reactor, the amount of which was related to the COD concentration. Fluorescence in situ hybridization test showed the abundance of methanogens in the sludge of the ZVI-UASB reactor was significantly greater than that of the reference one. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis showed that the ZVI increased the diversity of microbial strains responsible for high efficiency.     

Fatty acids and algal lipids as precursors of chlorination by-products

Six common algal fatty acids (FAs) with different numbers of double bonds, lipophilic fractions and proteins extracted from the diatom Navicula pelliculosa and algal cells were chlorinated to evaluate their potential in generating disinfection by-products (DBPs). The result showed that the more double bonds in the FAs, the higher the amounts of chloroform and dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) produced, but such a pattern was not observed for trichloroacetic acid (TCAA). Based on the previously reported composition of fatty acids in algal lipids, the DBP generation potentials of algal lipids were calculated. These predicted values were much lower than those measured in the chlorinated algal lipophilic fraction, suggesting unknown lipophilic fraction(s) served as potent DBPs precursors. Another calculation attempted to predict DBP production in algal cells based on algal lipid and protein composition, given quantified measured DBP production per unit algal lipid and proteins. The analysis showed that the observed DBP production was similar to that predicted (< 35% difference), suggesting that algal biochemical compositions may serve as a bioindicator for preliminary estimation of chloroform, DCAA and TCAA formation upon chlorinating algae.     

利用皂土吸附和介电泳方法间接去除水中的Mn2+

水中重金属去除一直是水处理的技术难点.锰虽然是动物必需的微量元素之一,但是人和动物摄入过量的锰会对神经系统等产生毒害.利用皂土吸附水中的重金属Mn2+,在装有微电极阵列芯片的介电泳池研究装置中,通过调节外加交流电压,捕获悬浮液中的皂土从而间接去除Mn2+.吸附了微量重金属离子的皂土被捕获到电场强度较大的区域,发生了正介电泳.该研究为建立一种从废水中间接去除重金属离子的实际可行方法奠定了实验基础,不存在二次污染.     

借鉴国外经验建立与完善我国低碳产品认证制度

面对全球日益兴起的“低碳经济”理念,包括我国在内的很多国家都将其作为转变经济发展方式实现绿色发展的契机。低碳产品认证是推进中国低碳经济走向绿色发展的重要举措。本文通过借鉴国外低碳产品认证的经验,提出应从关注环境保护与气候变化协同效应、选择适合的产品类型、逐渐实现产品生命周期碳排放管理等方面提升和推动我国低碳产品认证工作的发展。     

改进测定水中氨氮分子吸收光谱法的试验研究

水中氨氮含量是反应水质状况的重要指标。文章对测定水中氨氮气相分子吸收光谱法(标准号HJ/T195-2005)进行了改进试验研究。第一,对氧化剂的配比进行了改进,使氨氮的测定范围扩展至100μg。第二,对标准HJ/T195-2005中直接使用亚硝酸钠标准溶液做标准曲线的处理方式也做了探讨。通过一系列对比实验认为,应用硫酸铵标准溶液做工作曲线更加准确合理。最后应用改进后的气相分子吸收光谱法和纳氏比色法或滴定法对多种实际废水样品进行同时测定。结果表明,改进后的气相分子吸收光谱法测定氨氮的范围更宽,灵敏度更高和准确度更好。