混凝法处理锰矿选矿废水的试验研究

选取聚合氯化铝（PAC）、聚合硫酸铁（PFS）、聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）和六水合氯化铁（FC）4种常用混凝剂,采用正交试验,以去浊率与去锰率作为综合评价指标,探讨了不同混凝剂处理锰矿选矿废水的效果及最佳混凝条件。结果表明：在以上混凝剂中,FC的混凝效果较差;PAM对锰矿选矿废水的处理效果最优,最佳的混凝条件为：处理500 ml的废水,投加1.5 ml的PAM,pH为7.0,搅拌后沉降20 min,废水经处理后去浊率与去锰率分别为96%、92%,其中废水的pH及投药量对混凝效果的影响较大。     

焦化废水中总氮的构成及在生物工艺中的转化

为了明确焦化废水中总氮的构成及在生物工艺中的转化利用,统计分析了总氮及5种无机含氮化合物在A/O1/O2、A/O1/H/O2和O1/H/O2 3个生物处理工艺中的浓度变化,结合模拟实验研究好氧反应中含氮化合物的氨化作用,并探索高浓度氨氮情况下硝化作用的条件控制。结果表明,总氮由氨氮、硫氰化物、氰化物和有机含氮化合物等构成;氨氮和硫氰化物占总氮比例超过80%,是主要贡献者。模拟实验中在COD和SCN-浓度为4 465和1 238 mg/L水质状况下,控制温度17~19℃、pH 7~7.5、溶解氧 1~5 mg/L、SV30为30%,连续曝气50.5 h时实现COD和SCN-去除率达90%和99%。在O1/H/O2工艺二级好氧池中,氨氮浓度380~400 mg/L时,控制温度23~27℃、pH为7.8~8.3条件下,调试运行23 d实现完全硝化作用。研究证明,影响氨化过程与硝化过程效率的因素包括水质、温度、pH、污泥浓度与停留时间等。     

Antibiotic contamination in a typical water-rich city in southeast China: a concern for drinking water resource safety

Abstract

The occurrence and distribution in the aquatic environment of Nanjing of 49 antibiotics from seven therapeutic classes were investigated using an improved analytical method developed for multiclass target analysis. The results showed that these antibiotics are widely present in the water bodies of this city, with a total concentration of up to 1.958?μg L^?1. The most abundant class was tetracyclines, contributing 43.7% to the total antibiotic burden. Lincomycin was detected in all samples, and the detection rate of clindamycin was 90.5%. An exploratory analysis of the data points was performed by unsupervised pattern recognition (hierarchical cluster analysis, HCA) in an attempt to clarify the pollution level in different sampling areas, and robust cluster solutions grouped the data according to their different antibiotic contaminant profiles. The safety of drinking water resources was emphasized, and the rivers, as the main receiving water body for treated and untreated wastewater in this city, were more seriously contaminated than the surrounding lakes and reservoir, not only in concentration but also in detection frequency, in our study as well as in similar research studies. A correlation analysis between the presence of antibiotics and the environmental factors was conducted, and it was found that antibiotic contamination and water quality were closely connected; the better the water quality, the lower the antibiotic contamination. Positive correlations existed between the antibiotics and tested heavy metals, as well as between antibiotics and boron and arsenic. However, whether these correlations resulted from their reaction or a common source was difficult to determine, and the mechanism requires further exploration.     

采煤塌陷区重金属污染水体修复技术探讨及展望——以唐山市南湖公园为例

以唐山南湖公园为例综述了采煤塌陷区水体重金属污染的来源、危害及修复技术,详细介绍植物修复技术,总结了采煤塌陷区重金属污染水体修复技术的发展趋势和方向.     

司法中的生态安全考量——兼论生态安全立法存在的问题

本文以一起典型的生态侵权案件为例，讨论了司法实践中如何将生态安全纳入利益衡量的范围问题。提出了根据宪法保护生态环境的精神，运用诚信原则，将生态安全考虑贯穿于案件事实的认定与法律适用全过程的方式与方法，为妥善解决纠纷提供了可供操作的思路，同时也分析了现行法律对于生态安全保护的不足。     

新型非焚烧医疗废物处置技术:脉动高压蒸汽灭菌-破碎

本文介绍了高压蒸汽灭菌结合破碎的医疗废物处置技术的原理、技术特点以及处置过程中排放的废气废水的处理方法。从节能环保和经济可靠的角度，对高压蒸汽灭菌处置技术与焚烧技术进行了比较，结果表明高压蒸汽灭菌-破碎的医疗废物处置技术可以避免传统焚烧技术由于设计、操作等问题所引起的二噁[口英]二次污染等问题，无论是设备本身还是运行维护费用均要低于焚烧技术：其更加适合我国相对小规模的医疗废物的处理。     

扎龙湿地水环境质量分析与净化率研究

扎龙湿地是我国第一个以鹤类等大型水禽为主体的湿地生态型国家级自然保护区.它具有宝贵的动植物资源,对生态环境起着重要的调节作用.本文以扎龙湿地水环境为切入点,通过实测数据分析了扎龙湿地的水质状况并对影响因素进行了分析,同时对扎龙湿地的净化水质功能进行了研究.这对于改善湿地水环境,更好地维持湿地生物多样性,维护流域的生态安全和生产生活活动都具有重要意义.     

医疗药品污染物减排项目成本控制策略研究

通过成本控制方法对医疗药品污染物减排,提出基于Hausman检验方法的医疗药品污染物减排项目成本控制模型,促进的医疗药品污染物减排项目转型升级的同时降低成本开销,提高环境污染治理水平。构建医疗药品污染物减排项目成本控制的约束参量模型,采用自适应均衡博弈控制方法进行成本控制数学建模,结合描述性统计量分析方法进行医疗药品污染物减排项目成本控制的统计分析和稳健性检验,采用Hausman检验方法实现成本控制优化,促进污染物减排项目的转型优化升级。     

Managed grassland alters soil N dynamics and N2O emissions in temperate steppe

Reclamation of degraded grasslands as managed grasslands has been increasingly accelerated in recent years in China. Land use change affects soil nitrogen(N) dynamics and nitrous oxide(N_2O) emissions. However, it remains unclear how large-scale grassland reclamation will impact the grassland ecosystem as a whole. Here, we investigated the effects of the conversion from native to managed grasslands on soil N dynamics and N_2O emissions by field experiments in Hulunber in northern China. Soil(0–10 cm), nitrate(NO_3~-),ammonium(NH_4~+), and microbial N were measured in plots in a temperate steppe(Leymus chinensis grassland) and two managed grasslands(Medicago sativa and Bromus inermis grasslands) in 2011 and 2012. The results showed conversion of L. chinensis grassland to M.sativa or B. inermis grasslands decreased concentrations of NO_3~–-N, but did not change NH_4~–N . Soil microbial N was slightly decreased by the conversion of L. chinensis grassland to M.sativa, but increased by the conversion to B. inermis. The conversion of L. chinensis grassland to M. sativa(i.e., a legume grass) increased N_2O emissions by 26.2%, while the conversion to the B. inermis(i.e., a non-legume grass) reduced N_2O emissions by 33.1%. The conversion from native to managed grasslands caused large created variations in soil NO?3~-+–N and NH_4~–N concentrations. Net N mineralization rates did not change significantly in growing season or vegetation type, but to net nitrification rate. These results provide evidence on how reclamation may impact the grassland ecosystem in terms of N dynamics and N_2O emissions.     

Characterization of aircraft emissions and air quality impacts of an international airport

Beijing Capital International Airport(ZBAA) is the world's second busiest airport. In this study, the emissions of air pollutants from aircraft and other sources at ZBAA in 2015 were estimated using an improved method, which considered the mixing layer height calculated based on aircraft meteorological data relay(AMDAR), instead of using the height(915 m)recommended by ICAO. The yearly emissions of NO_x, CO, VOCs, SO_2, and PM_(2.5) at the airport were 8.76 × 10~3, 4.43 × 10~3, 5.43 × 10~2, 4.80 × 10~2, and 1.49 × 10~2 ton/year, respectively. The spatial–temporal distribution of aircraft emissions was systematically analyzed to understand the emission characteristics of aircraft. The results indicated that NOxwas mainly emitted during the take-off and climb phases, accounting for 20.5% and 55.5% of the total emissions. CO and HC were mainly emitted during the taxi phase, accounting for 91.6%and 92.2% of the total emissions. Because the mixing layer height was high in summer, the emissions of aircraft were at the highest level throughout the year. Based on the detailed emissions inventory, four seasons simulation using WRF-CMAQ model was performed over the domain surrounding the airport. The results indicated that the contribution to PM_(2.5) was relatively high in winter; the average impact was about 1.15 μg/m~3 within a radius of1 km around the airport. Meanwhile, the near surroundings and southwest areas of the airport are the most sensitive to PM_(2.5).