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451.
Reservoir Operation with Feedback in a Coupled Land Surface and Hydrologic Model: A Case Study of the Huai River Basin,China
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Meixia Lv Zhenchun Hao Zhaohui Lin Zhuguo Ma Meizhao Lv Jiahu Wang 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2016,52(1):168-183
Regarding emerging large‐scale reservoir operation models, reports of reservoir operation feedback for hydrologic modeling are rare, and little attention has been paid to flood control. An operation scheme considering multilevel flood control (MLFC) was first proposed in this study, but more reservoir information was needed. Thus, an alternative scheme was proposed that consisted of a modified version of the reservoir operation scheme in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool Model (MSWAT scheme). These schemes were coupled to a land surface and hydrologic model system with feedback, i.e., a system in which reservoir operation can affect the subsequent simulation, and were investigated in the Huai River Basin. The results show reservoir storage and peak flow were generally overestimated by the original SWAT reservoir scheme (SWAT scheme). Compared with the SWAT scheme, the MSWAT scheme successfully reduced the simulated storage and peak flow at the reservoir stations. For the downstream stations, the streamflow simulations were improved at a significance level of 5%. The performances of the MSWAT and MLFC schemes at the reservoir stations were nearly equivalent. Importantly, reservoir operation feedback to hydrologic modeling was necessary because the reservoir operation effects could not be transferred downstream without it. The streamflow simulation of a reservoir station located on a flat plain was less sensitive to feedback than that of a mountain reservoir station. 相似文献
452.
Uptake, translocation and metabolism of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in maize (Zea mays L.) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A hydroponic experiment was conducted in the present study to investigate and compare plant uptake, translocation and metabolism of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) of BDE-15, BDE-28 and BDE-47 and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) of PCB-15, PCB-28 and PCB-47 in maize. Root concentrations of BDE-15, BDE-28 and BDE-47 were consistently higher than PCB-15, PCB-28 and PCB-47, respectively. A significantly positive correlation was found between logRCF (root concentration factor) and logKow of these PBDEs and PCBs, suggesting a control role of their partitioning in plant uptake. The translocation factors (TFs, Cstem/Croot) of PBDEs were generally lower than those of PCBs of the same halogen-substitutions, demonstrating easier transport of PCBs than PBDEs. Metabolites mono-, di- and tri-BDEs and PCBs were detected, suggesting the existence of in vivo metabolism of PBDEs and PCBs in maize. Dehalogenation and rearrangement of halogen atoms were identified, and some similarities but also significant differences existed between the PBDEs and PCBs. PBDEs in maize were, in general, more susceptible to metabolism compared with PCBs of the same halogen-substitutions. This is the first comparative report on the uptake, translocation and metabolism of PBDEs and PCBs in plants. 相似文献
453.
Luo L Ma C Ma Y Zhang S Lv J Cui M 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(5):1108-1113
Effectiveness and mechanism of cadmium (Cd) sorption on original, acidified and ball milling nano-particle red muds were investigated using batch sorption experiments, sequential extraction analysis and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The maximum sorption capacity of Cd was 0.16, 0.19, and 0.21 mol/kg for the original, acidified, and nano-particle red muds at pH 6.5, respectively. Both acidification and ball-milling treatments significantly enhanced Cd sorption and facilitated transformation of Cd into less extractable fractions. The Cd LIII-edge XANES analysis indicated the formation of inner-sphere complexes of Cd similar to XCdOH (X represents surface groups on red mud) on the red mud surfaces although outer-sphere complexes of Cd were the primary species. This work shed light on the potential application of red mud to remediate Cd-contaminated soils and illustrated the promising tool of XANES spectroscopy for speciation of multicomponent systems of environmental relevance. 相似文献
454.
Tao Yang Wei Haodong Lv Wenke Liu Qi Zhou Jingqin Liu Cuiyun 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(8):20255-20264
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Deposition particles can lead to blockage, odor, and corrosion of pipes, and the deposition process of suspended particles is particularly... 相似文献
455.
以自制介孔碳(MC)为吸附剂,采用吸附—电-臭氧-UV再生组合工艺将难降解有机磷三(2-羧乙基)膦(TCEP)富集后转化为磷酸盐释放,为后续磷回收提供基础。运用TEM,SEM,XRD等技术对MC进行了表征。表征结果显示,MC为碳纳米线堆积有序介孔结构,比表面积为699.76 m2/g,可为有机磷提供吸附位点。在吸附温度为298 K、TCEP初始质量浓度为100 mg/L、吸附剂投加量为1 g/L的条件下,MC对TCEP的平衡吸附量为33.72 mg/g。利用电-臭氧-UV对MC进行再生,总磷释放率可达100%,并基本矿化为磷酸盐,再生效率显著高于臭氧、臭氧-H2O2、臭氧-UV等方法。 相似文献
456.
微塑料在土壤-地下水中的环境行为及其生态毒性研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
微塑料已成为一类新型污染物遍布全球各个角落,由此产生的环境问题日趋严峻。第二届联合国环境大会上将微塑料污染列为环境与生态科学研究领域的第二大科学问题。目前大多数研究集中在海洋环境方面,有关土壤-地下水系统中微塑料的环境行为及生态毒性相关研究还较为薄弱。本文基于大量文献调研,较系统地回顾梳理了有关土壤-地下水中微塑料的来源、迁移归趋及其生态毒理效应的研究成果,并对未来研究做出评述和展望,旨在促进土壤-地下水系统中微塑料污染的相关研究。 相似文献
457.
利用二氧化氯在360nm处有一最大吸收峰以及二氧化氯能够通过微孔性聚四氟乙烯膜的特性进行了静态膜分离的研究。通过研究温度和二氧化氯的浓度对分离效果的影响,可以确定:温度越高越有利于二氧化氯的膜分离,但温度高于20℃时二氧化氯会发生分解,故最佳分离温度应为20℃。 相似文献
458.
459.
460.
吕海燕 《中国个体防护装备》2010,(3):5-6
<正>压氧气呼吸器是1997年以来在煤矿事故应急救援工作推广使用的一种个体防护装备,其性能明显好于负压氧气呼吸器,成为目前矿山救护队广泛推广使用的一种个体防护装备。本文从佩戴氧气呼吸器应遵循的要求和氧气呼吸器防护面罩的正确使用,讲述了正压氧气呼吸器在佩戴和使用中应注意的问题,旨在更好地发挥正压氧气呼吸器的功能,有效保护救援人员的安全。 相似文献