Sedimentary record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and DDTs in Dianchi Lake, an urban lake in Southwest China

Unique time trends of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) were found in a dated sediment core from Dianchi Lake (DC), an urban lake in Southwest China. The temporal trend of PAHs in DC was not only different from those in China's coastline and remote lakes of China, but also different from those in more developed countries. Identification of sources suggested that PAHs in DC originated primarily from domestic combustion of coal and biomass. However, a change of source from low- and moderate-temperature combustion to high-temperature combustion processes was observed. Different from those in China's coastline and some developed countries, the temporal trend of DDTs in DC mirrored the historical usage of DDTs in China, with erosion of soils and surface runoff from its drainage area the most likely routes of DDT introduction to the lake. Rapid urbanization and industrialization in its catchment, effective interception of point-source pollution, and changes in sources of energy during the last few decades have significantly influenced the vertical profiles of PAHs in DC.     

Arsenic stabilization by zero-valent iron,bauxite residue,and zeolite at a contaminated site planting Panax notoginseng

Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen, a rare traditional Chinese medicinal herb, is a widely used phytomedicine used all over the world. In recent years, the arsenic contamination of the herb and its relative products becomes a serious problem due to elevated soil As concentration. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different types and dosages of amendments on As stabilization in soil and its uptake by P. notoginseng. Results showed that comparing to control treatment, the As concentrations of P. notoginseng declined by 49–63%, 43–61% and 52–66% in 0.25% zero-valent iron (Fe(0)), 0.5% bauxite residue, and 1% zeolite treatment, respectively; whereas the biomasses were elevated by 62–116%, 45–152% and 114–265%, respectively. The As(III) proportions of P. notoginseng increased by 8%, 9%, and 8%, and the transfer factors of As from root to shoot increased by 37%, 42% and 84% in the optimal treatments of Fe(0), bauxite residue, and zeolite. For soil As, all the three amendments could transform the non-specifically adsorbed As fraction to hydrous oxides Fe/Al fractions (by Fe(0) and red mud) or specifically adsorbed As fraction (by zeolite), therefore reduced the bioavailability of soil As. With a comprehensive consideration of stabilization efficiency, plant growth, environmental influence, and cost, Fe(0) appeared to be the best amendment, and zeolite could also be a good choice. In conclusion, this study was of significance in developing As contamination control in P. notoginseng planting areas, and even other areas for medicinal herb growing.     

钢渣掺量对泡沫混凝土砌块性能的影响

泡沫混凝土是一种环保、节能的保温隔热材料,以其优良的保温性能,受到越来越多研究者的关注。对钢渣的特性进行了分析测试,对钢渣不同掺量对泡沫混凝土砌块特性的影响进行了研究,结果表明,采用添加5％～35％钢渣所制备的钢渣泡沫混凝土砌块,其密度等级为JC／T1062—2007中的B10级,掺人5％、15％钢渣的泡沫混凝土抗压强度达到A3．5等级,掺人25％、35％钢渣的泡沫混凝土抗压强度达到A2．5等级。随着钢渣掺量的增大,抗压强度、抗折强度降低,吸水率增大。在同一钢渣掺量的情况下,泡沫混凝土砌块的抗压强度变化率增加显著,而且随着钢渣的加入量升高而增大。钢渣的加入有利于提高泡沫混凝土砌块的后期抗压强度。     

对璧山县旅游产品策划的再思考

在回顾国内外策划发展史的基础上,提出了璧山县旅游产品策划的概念;结合璧山县旅游产品策划的背景,提出璧山县旅游产品策划的原则,重点对新资源古特色、新功能、全面整合等旅游产品策划方式进行了研究。通过挖掘璧山县旅游资源特色及文化内涵,提出了璧山县旅游产品策划的几个方向。     

Global fallout Pu recorded in lacustrine sediments in Lake Hongfeng, SW China

Studies on the distribution and isotope compositions of fallout Pu are important for source characterization of possible future non-fallout Pu contamination in aquatic environments, and useful for dating of recent sediments to understand the pollution history of environmental contaminants. We present the historical record of atmospheric Pu fallout reconstructed from a sediment core from Lake Hongfeng, China. The Pu activity profile was in agreement with the 137Cs profile. Inventories were 50.7 Bq m(-2) for 239+240Pu and 1586 Bq m(-2) for 137Cs. The average 240Pu/239Pu atom ratio was 0.185+/-0.009, indicating that Pu originated from global stratospheric fallout rather than from direct tropospheric or close-in fallout from the Chinese nuclear testing conducted in the 1970s. Our data suggested that Lake Hongfeng would be an ideal setting for monitoring atmospheric fallout and environmental changes in this region.     

应用D412螯合树脂治理含镍电镀废水的研究

本文研究了Ｄ４１２螯合树脂对Ｎｉ（Ⅱ）离子静态和动态的吸收性能,并且研究了使用Ｄ４１２树脂除去和回收电镀废水中镍的最佳条件。     

广东省杨村华侨柑桔场土壤微量元素含量与分布的研究

采集并分析全场不同母质形成的有代表性的土壤样本142个.研究结果表明,各类土壤全B、Mo、Zn和Mn含量的平均值均低于全国平均值,全量Cu平均值高于全国平均值.有效B、Mo、Zn和Mn含量的平均值均低于临界值,有效Cu的平均值稍高于临界值;但66.7％的土样有效Cu含量低于临界值.硼、钼、锌和锰严重缺乏,铜多数缺乏.全场各类土壤的微量元素含量差异较大,各类土壤微量元素的垂直和水平分布特征不尽相同,尤其是垂直分布差异明显.从土壤微量元素的全量与母质的关系来看,以玄武岩、紫色砂页岩母质形成的土壤全量较高,砂砾岩母质形成的土壤全量中等,砂页岩和冲积物母质形成的土壤全量较低.     

海南省几种草本植物微量元素的组成

海南省位于我国热带地区,草本植物微量元素组成可反映热带区域生物地球化学特点。海南植物微量元素含量属正常范围值,仅个别植物Ｃｄ、Ｈｇ含量偏高。植物Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｍｏ含量大多在５ｍｇ／ｋｇ以上,Ｐｂ、Ｃｕ、Ｃｄ含量一般低于２ｍｇ／ｋｇ,Ｈｇ、Ａｓ、Ｎｉ通常不足１ｍｇ／ｋｇ。雀稗（Ｐａｓｐａｌｕｍｃｏｍｍｅｒｓｏｎｉ）、地胆草（Ｅｌｅｐｈａｎｔｏｐｕｓｓｃａｂｅｒ）等微量元素含量普遍较高。红裂稃草（Ｓｃｈｉｚａｃｈｙｒｉｕｍｓａｎｇｕｉｎｅｕｍ）、白茅（Ｉｍｐｅｒａｔａｃｙｌｉｎｄｒｉｃａ）等微量元素含量一般较低。植物微量元素组成与植物种类及其生境条件有关。生物吸收系数反映植物摄取元素的强度,Ｍｏ、Ｃｄ、Ｈｇ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ的生物吸收系数通常大于１．０,属强积聚元素,Ｐｂ、Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ、Ａｓ的生物吸收系数大多低于０．３,是弱摄取元素。     

Disequilibrium and Indivisibility of Pollution Control Equipment Under a Permit-Trading System: A Case Study of Kao-Hsiung and Ping-Tung Counties in Taiwan

A mixed-integer programming model that minimizes the social abatement cost is used to investigate whether a market equilibrium condition could be reached in a newly proposed permit-trading market for nitrogen oxide control in Taiwan. Unlike in previous studies, unit pollution abatement cost is determined endogenously by incorporating technology adoption as a binary decision variable. The results show that when technologies are lumpy and irreversible, disequilibrium might occur due to firms’ inability to manage their emission levels after installing equipment with fixed size and control capacity.

Removal of organic toxic chemicals using the spent mushroom compost of Ganoderma lucidum

The removal of the organic toxic chemicals di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP), nonylphenol (NP), and bisphenol-A (BPA) by laccase obtained from the spent mushroom compost (SMC) of the white rot fungi, Ganoderma lucidum, was investigated. The optimal conditions for the extraction of laccase from SMC required using sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.0, solid : solution ratio 1 : 5), and extraction over 3 h at 4 °C. The removal of NP was enhanced by adding CuSO(4) (1 mM), MnSO(4) (0.5 mM), tartaric acid (20 mM), 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS; 1 mM), and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT; 20 mg L(-1)), with ABTS yielding a higher NP removal efficiency than the other additives. At a concentration of 2 mg L(-1), DBP, DEHP, NP, and BPA were almost entirely removed by laccase after incubation for 1 day. The removal efficiencies, in descending order of magnitude, were DBP > BPA > NP > DEHP. We believe that these findings could provide useful information for improving the efficiency of the removal of organic toxic chemicals in the environment.