浅谈科学发展观与环保工作的关系

科学发展观是关于发展的本质、目的、内涵和要求的总体看法和根本观点。环境问题是发展带来的,而良好的生态环境是经济增长的必要条件,所以也只有通过发展才能解决环境问题。     

Simultaneous elution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals from contaminated soil by two amino acids derived from β-cyclodextrins

Two highly water-soluble amino acids,which derived from β-CDs,i.e.,glutamic acid-β-cyclodextrin (GluCD) and ethylene-diamineβ-cyclodextrin (EDCD),were synthesized and were examined for their effect on solubilization of anthracene (ANT),complexation of cadmium (Cd2+),and elution removal of ANT and Cd2+ in soil.The results showed that GluCD and EDCD were powerful complexant for ANT and Cd2+.In the presence of 10 g/L GluCD and EDCD,the solubilization of ANT increased by 47.04 and 23.85 times compared to the control,respectively.GluCD resulted in approximately 90% complexation of Cd2+ while 70% complexation was observed for EDCD.Simultaneously,GluCD and EDCD could greatly enhance the elution removal of ANT and Cd 2+ from soil.GluCD resulted in the highest elution efficiency of ANT and Cd2+.With the addition of 10 g/L GluCD,53.5% of ANT and 85.6% of Cd2+ were eluted,respectively.The ANT had a negligible effect on the Cd2+ removal due to different complexing sites of ANT and Cd2+,while Cd2+ enhanced the ANT removal under the addition of GluCD because Cd2+ neutralized the-COOH group of GluCD.Adversely,the removal of ANT was decreased with Cd2+ under the addition of EDCD,this was due to the fact that Cd2+ enhanced the polarity of EDCD molecule and inhibited the complexation between ANT and EDCD.The study suggested that GluCD could be preferred and be successfully applied to remediation of heavy metals or organic compounds in contaminated soil.     

浅析青岛太阳能光伏发电发展的方向及推广对策

太阳能光伏发电是可再生能源应用的主要方向之一。作为适宜发展太阳能光伏发电的地区,青岛市政电网覆盖区外的诸多海岛具有较好的光伏发电推广应用前景;在市政电网成型地区,道路照明等公共设施用电、新建住宅小区、机关事业单位以及重点用能单位也是具有推广光伏发电的潜力。然而,目前存在的技术瓶颈、激励政策缺乏以及并网发电手续繁琐等因素制约了光伏发电的应用。通过推动光伏发电技术进步及产业发展,并在政策法规以及经济上给予更多鼓励支持,才能促进太阳能光伏发电快速、健康发展。     

植物促生菌应用研究进展

植物促生菌即PGPB不仅在农业生产中促进植物生长以及防治植物病害,还逐渐应用于环境保护方面。文章从以下几方面就PGPB的研究进展进行了综述,包括PGPB在农业和环境中的应用、PGPB内生菌、生物防治型PGPB、PGPB的基因工程改良、PGPB剂型等。最后展望了该领域的研究方向。     

Toxic effects of coal fly ash on wheat seedlings

We studied heavy metal (HM) stress on wheat seedlings (AK-58) with and without coal fly ash (CFA) exposure. Three CFA spray rates were used to simulate air quality of the second level. Results show airborne particulates can directly enter plant leaves, affecting the whole plant. HM deposition decreases seedling size and mass and reduces activities of the chlorophyll family, photosynthesis enzymes (RuBP and PEPC), and photosynthesis efficiency. In leaves, HM deposition increases with the CFA spray rate. In roots, however, CFA exposure seems to reduce HM deposition, compared with the control without CFA exposure. A possible reason is that HM deposition in leaves from airborne particulates hinders photosynthesis, weakens the whole physiology of the seedlings, and consequently reduces root absorption of HMs from soil. CFA leads to chloroplast expansion, layer-stack disorder of grana, plastoglobule increase, and even chlorophyll membrane damage.     

Characterization of bacterial communities during persistent fog and haze events in the Qingdao coastal region

• Light haze had little effect on bacterial communities. • Fog and heavy haze had significant effects on these communities. • Air pollution exerted a greater influence than particle size on bacterial community. Here, we report the characteristics of bacterial communities in aerosols with different particle sizes during two persistent fog and haze events in December of 2015 and 2016 in Qingdao, China. In the early stage of pollution, the accumulation of PM_2.5 led to the accumulation of microorganisms, thus increasing the bacterial richness and diversity of fine particle sizes. With the persistence and aggravation of pollution, the toxic effect was strengthened, and the bacterial richness and diversity of each particle size decreased. When the particle concentration was highest, the richness and diversity were low for each particle size. Light haze had little influence on bacterial communities. The occurrence of highly polluted humid weather and heavy haze resulted in significant changes in bacterial community diversity, composition and structure, and air pollution exerted a greater influence than particle size on bacterial community structure. During persistent fog and haze events, with the increase of pollutants, bacteria associated with each particle size may be extensively involved in aerosol chemistry, but the degree of participation varies, which requires further study.     

松树近旁土壤酸化的二维特征

采用土壤酸中和能力的一种新定义方法：土壤水的pH值降低到4.7时100g土壤消耗的H⁺量,研究了土壤断面的酸化特征。选择了南方的红壤和北方的褐壤,详细研究了松树近旁土壤pH、酸中和能力、以及对SO²－₄吸附等断面的二维分布特征。结果表明,松树近旁土壤的pH、酸中和能力、SO²－₄吸附能力在水平层变化不明显,在垂直深度方向逐渐变大,表层小于下层。从土壤断面ANC的特征揭示出我国南北方土壤表层均受不同程度的酸化。     

生化净水工艺系统节约混凝剂和液氯用量生产性研究

用生化净水工艺和传统净水工艺系统进行了受污染姚江水源水的对比试验研究,以探讨生化系统节约的混凝剂和液氯用量。结果表明,在相同的净水条件下,生化工艺系统处理污染原水比传统净水工艺节约混凝剂硫酸铝50％以上,节约液氯75％～80％,具有显著的经济、社会效益。     

Multiple effects of nitrate amendment on the transport, transformation and bioavailability of antimony in a paddy soil-rice plant system

Nitrate (NO₃^?) is known to be actively involved in the processes of mineralization and heavy metal transformation; however, it is unclear whether and how it affects the bioavailability of antimony (Sb) in paddy soils and subsequent Sb accumulation in rice. Here, the effects of NO₃^? on Sb transformation in soil-rice system were investigated with pot experiments over the entire growth period. Results demonstrated that NO₃^? reduced Sb accumulation in brown rice by 15.6% compared to that in the control. After amendment with NO₃^?, the Sb content in rice plants increased initially and then gradually decreased (in roots by 46.1%). During the first 15 days, the soil pH increased, the oxidation of Sb(III) and sulfides was promoted, but the reduction of iron oxide minerals was inhibited, resulting in the release of adsorbed and organic-bound Sb from soil. The microbial arsenite-oxidizing marker gene aoxB played an important role in Sb(III) oxidation. From days 15 to 45, after NO₃^? was partially consumed, the soil pH decreased, and the reductive dissolution of Fe(III)-bearing minerals was enhanced; consequently, iron oxide-bound Sb was transformed into adsorbed and dissolved Sb species. After day 45, NO₃^? was completely reduced, Sb(V) was evidently reduced to Sb(III), and green rust was generated gradually. Thus, the available Sb decreased due to its enhanced affinity for iron oxides. Moreover, NO₃^? inhibited the reductive dissolution of iron minerals, which ultimately caused low Sb availability. Therefore, NO₃^? can chemically and biologically reduce the Sb availability in paddy soils and alleviate Sb accumulation in rice. This study provides a potential strategy for decreasing Sb accumulation in rice in the Sb-contaminated sites.     

含氨基酸的润滑油生物降解性及降解速率方程模拟

在HVI 350矿物润滑油中加入少量月桂酰基甘氨酸,对比研究了加入月桂酰基甘氨酸前后矿物润滑油在土壤中的生物降解特性,并采用指数速率模型对润滑油生物降解动力学进行了模拟.结果表明,月桂酰基甘氨酸可促进HVI 350矿物润滑油生物降解,试验条件下HVI 350矿物润滑油生物降解速率方程为S_t=50.4e~(-0.0155t),半衰期为44.72 d;含月桂酰基甘氨酸的HVI 350矿物润滑油生物降解速率方程为S_t=51.6e~(-0.0224t),半衰期为30.94d.