登陆中国台风灾害损失预评估模型研究

整理了2000-2008年登陆中国且灾情记录完整的34个台风案例,建立案例集;基于模糊数学法建立了台风灾害损失预评估模型。选择8项影响因子作为模型输入指标,利用层次分析法确定影响因子权重,计算案例集中每个台风的综合评价指数;通过对综合评价指数与受灾人口、农作物受灾面积及直接经济损失等典型灾情指标进行拟合;通过适当调整影响因子权重,拟合得出最优幂函数回归方程,从而实现对台风灾情的定量预评估。     

The Effects of Gas Flow Rate and the Interval Time of Water Supplement on Ethanol Production of Rice Straw by Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation

In the present work, characteristics of ethanol production from a single particle composing of pretreated rice straw, cellulase, and β-glucosidase were invesitgated by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). The experiment experienced a start-up stage for S. cerevisiae biofilm formation, which was operated at an initial pH value of 4.8 for yeast solution, culture temperature of 30°C, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min for yeast solution, and stably operating stage for ethanol production at a culture temperature of 30°C. Investigations found that the maximal ethanol yield of 9.7 mg/g and the biofilm thickness of 0.37 mm were obtained at 30 mL/min of carrier gas flow rate. Also, the optimal interval time of water supplement was 4 h for SSF. The results show that the appropriate gas flow rate and the interval time of water supplement can keep the high activities of biofilm and enzymes during SSF and result in a high ethanol yield.     

污染源在线监测管理中对营运方的考评

污染源在线监测管理采用第三方营运模式具有很好的优越性,但仍存在一定的问题。本文以上海市嘉定区环境监测站对该区污染源在线监测管理模式为例,对第三方营运过程中出现的问题进行探讨。详细阐述了嘉定区环境监测站对污染源在线监测管理对营运方采用技术考评的依据、考评内容,总结了技术考评的优势及其存在的问题,并提出相应的对策,最后对该考评模式进行了展望。     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌脱除不同煤种硫分实验研究

利用氧化亚铁硫杆菌对煤中硫分的脱除作用,探讨了其对3种不同地域且不同矿物含量煤的脱硫作用。进行了未酸化与酸化处理煤样脱硫试验、温度影响试验、初始pH值影响试验。结果表明：未预处理条件下煤样I、n、Ⅲ的脱硫率分别为29．3％、3．9％、3．5％,酸处理后迭到39．8％、40．7％、4．2％。煤样Ⅰ、Ⅱ的最佳脱硫温度分别为35℃、30℃;温度30℃,初始pH为2．3时,煤样Ⅰ、Л的脱硫效果最好,分别为54％、67％;温度和pH的变化对煤样山的影响不大。30℃,初始pH为2．3时煤样Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的黄铁矿硫去除率分别为77％、83％、67％。     

污泥脱水絮凝剂消耗的控制措施

污泥脱水是污水处理中的一个重要环节,影响脱泥用药(絮凝剂)的因素很多.水厂结合实验分析,发现污泥脱水中不同参数对耗药率影响较大.因此,采取了相应的工艺控制方法,在保障运行效率的基础上,有效降低污泥脱水运行成本.     

浅谈石化企业员工心理健康管理模式的建立

分析了国内外企业员工心理健康管理实施现状,阐述了石化企业引入员工心理健康管理模式的重要性和必要性,提出加强心理健康管理模式建设的建议.     

Revealing the characteristics of dissolved organic matter in urban runoff at three typical regions via optical indices and molecular composition

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a major role in ecological systems and influences the fate and transportation of many pollutants. Despite the significance of DOM, understanding of how environmental and anthropogenic factors influence its composition and characteristics is limited, especially in urban stormwater runoff. In this article, the chemical properties (pollutant loads, molecular weight, aromaticity, sources, and molecular composition) of DOM in stormwater extracted from three typical end-members (traffic, residential, and campus regions) were characterized by UV–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy combined with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC), and ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). There are three findings: (1) The basic properties of DOM in stormwater runoff varied obviously from three urban fields, and the effect of initial flush was also apparent. (2) The DOM in residential areas mainly came from autochthonous sources, while allochthonous sources primarily contributed to the DOM in traffic and campus areas. However, it was mainly composed of terrestrial humic-like components with CHO and CHON element composition and HULO and aliphatic formulas. (3) The parameters characterizing DOM were primarily related to terrestrial source and aromaticity, but their correlations varied. Through the combination of optical methods and UPLC-Q-TOF spectrometry, the optical and molecular characteristics of rainwater are effectively revealed, which may provide a solid foundation for the classification management of stormwater runoff in different urban regions.     

电解催化降解苯胺过程的减秩因子法分析

本文用减秩分析法（RAFA）处理电解催化降解苯胺过程中的动力学谱-光谱组成的两维数据，分析结果表明，当以反应速率常数为优化对象，以消去反应物的信息作为减秩手段时，RAFA可以获得两个最优解，分别对应于两步速率常数（分别为0.0437和和0.0175min^-1)，在获得动力学参数的前提下，利用最小二乘回归法可解出包括中间体在内的各组分的吸收光谱，结果还发现七胺降解过程中有一种表现中间体存在，降解过程符合两步一级反应模型。     

无人值守AA3连续流动仪测定水和废水中氨氮研究

采用无人值守连续流动分析法对地表水和废水中氨氮进行检测,该方法在0.00~10.0 mg/L范围内线性良好,检出限为0.015 mg/L,相对标准偏差为0.6%~1.4%,实际样品加标回收率为95.0%~105%,精密度和准确度均满足地表水和废水中氨氮测定的要求,有较好的应用推广价值.无人值守连续流动分析法相对于传统的手工方法具有明显的优势:在线蒸馏装置可以完成对水中氨氮的蒸馏提取;节省时间,即使在夜间也能自动工作,分析完成样品后自动清洗管路并关机;试剂使用量少,降低了对环境和分析人员的危害.     

Characterization of particulate products for aging of ethylbenzene secondary organic aerosol in the presence of ammonium sulfate seed aerosol

Aging of secondary organic aerosol(SOA) particles formed from OH– initiated oxidation of ethylbenzene in the presence of high mass(100–300 μg/m~3) concentrations of(NH_4)_2SO_4seed aerosol was investigated in a home-made smog chamber in this study.The chemical composition of aged ethylbenzene SOA particles was measured using an aerosol laser time-of-flight mass spectrometer(ALTOFMS) coupled with a Fuzzy C-Means(FCM) clustering algorithm.Experimental results showed that nitrophenol,ethyl-nitrophenol,2,4-dinitrophenol,methyl glyoxylic acid,5-ethyl-6-oxo-2,4-hexadienoic acid,2-ethyl-2,4-hexadiendioic acid,2,3-dihydroxy-5-ethyl-6-oxo-4-hexenoic acid,1H-imidazole,hydrated N-glyoxal substituted1H-imidazole,hydrated glyoxal dimer substituted imidazole,1H-imidazole-2-carbaldehyde,N-glyoxal substituted hydrated 1H-imidazole-2-carbaldehyde and high-molecular-weight(HMW) components were the predominant products in the aged particles.Compared to the previous aromatic SOA aging studies,imidazole compounds,which can absorb solar radiation effectively,were newly detected in aged ethylbenzene SOA in the presence of high concentrations of(NH_4)_2SO_4seed aerosol.These findings provide new information for discussing aromatic SOA aging mechanisms.