兼氧型MBR工艺对污泥自消化效果的研究

研究了兼氧型MBR工艺中,当溶解氧控制在0.1～3.0 mg/L时,兼性厌氧菌和厌氧菌所占比例达80%。实验进水COD浓度为60～600 mg/L,COD去除率平均达93%;MLVSS浓度一直保持稳定,平均值为11 090 mg/L,而无机灰分浓度逐渐积累,实验开始时为3 107 mg/L,实验结束时达5 830 mg/L。结果表明,兼氧型MBR工艺可实现污泥自消化,不排放有机性污泥。兼氧型MBR工艺还对膜组件有一定自清洁作用,运行周期可达4个月。实验证明,兼氧型MBR工艺具有处理效率高、不排放有机污泥以及减轻膜污染的特点,是一种创新性的污水处理技术。     

城市生活垃圾减量化技术与对策

城市生活垃圾对城市发展以及居民生活环境的不良影响日益严重,”减量化”是我国垃圾管理三大原则之一,能有效解决城市垃圾问题。近年来城市生活垃圾以较快的速度逐年增长,我国大部分城市在垃圾管理方面存在着基础设施不全、处理方式单一、市民环保意识淡薄等一系列问题。本文提出从源头、技术、政策几个层面,采用净菜进城、减少一次性物品使用、垃圾堆肥、垃圾焚烧、垃圾收费、提高公众环保意识等减量化技术和措施来解决垃圾问题,以期为城市的垃圾管理提供科学的依据。     

新疆萨尔布拉克金矿矿床地球化学及矿床成因

本文介绍萨尔布拉克金矿成矿元素、稀土元素、稳定同位素及石英气─液包裹体的地球化学特征及其在时空上的演化规律．提出成矿元素主要来自地层中的火山物质，下石炭统南明水组的一套火山碎屑岩是矿源层，成矿元素是在动力变质作用下活化、迁够，最后在断裂的交汇部位富集、沉淀、成矿。     

取代芳烃对酵母菌毒性的定量结构－活性相关研究

定量测定了苯胺类、苯甲酸类、卤代苯类、苯腈类、硝基苯类、苯酚类等６类化合物对酵母菌的生长抑制毒性，结果表明化合物的最小产生清晰抑菌圈浓度Ｃｍｉｚ与辛醇－水分配系数及一阶分子连接性价指数有如下关系：ｌｏｇ（１／Ｃｍｉｚ）＝０．３８ｌｏｇＫｏｗ＋０．３３＾１Ｘ＾ｖ－０．３８ ｒ＝０．９２ ｓ＝０．２２ ｎ＝７７。在上述６类取代苯类化合物中，它们与酵母菌的反应性大小有如下顺序：卤代苯类≈苯甲酸类〈苯胺类     

基于GIS的中国城市水环境管理研究现状与趋势分析

随着中国城市规模迅速扩大、人口急剧增加,给城市水环境造成了巨大压力.由于绝大多数水环境信息是与空间位置关系密不可分的,在使用传统管理信息系统以及数据统计方式处理大量的水环境数据时,并不能很好地利用与呈现空间特征,因此,具有地理空间分析功能的地理信息系统（GIS）逐渐受到重视.然而,目前GIS在城市水环境管理中仍存在需要思考和改善的地方,以形成完整的城市水环境决策系统,提出可用的环境改善建议.     

Data mining for occupational injuries in the Taiwan construction industry

There is a higher rate of occupational injury in the construction industry than most other industries on average. However, steps can be taken to reduce worker risk through effective injury prevention strategies. In this article, association rule mining is employed in identifying the characteristics of occupational injuries in the construction industry. Accident reports during the period 1999–2004 are extracted from case reports of the Northern Region Inspection Office of the Council of Labor Affairs of Taiwan. In addition to general factors, several factors related to weather conditions are included in this article. The results show that there are some patterns of occupational injuries in the construction industry. The effect of rain on the occurrence of fatalities is of great significance. Proposed inspection plans should be in accordance with the type of construction and environmental evaluation. The findings identified in this article provide a direction for more effective inspection strategies and injury prevention programs.     

Occurrence and distribution of veterinary antibiotics and tetracycline resistance genes in farmland soils around swine feedlots in Fujian Province, China

Six antibiotics, tetracyclines (TCs), and quinolones (QNs) in farmland soils from four coastal cities in Fujian Province of China were investigated. Oxytetracycline was most frequently detected, followed by enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, chlorotetracycline, ofloxacin, and tetracycline, with maximum concentrations of 613.2, 637.3, 237.3, 2668.9, 205.7, and 189.8 μg kg^?1, respectively. Samples from Putian City contained the highest maximum concentration of ∑TCs (3,064.2 μg kg^?1), whereas those from Fuzhou City contained the highest maximum concentration of ∑QNs (897.8 μg kg^?1). It is noteworthy that the ∑TCs and ∑QNs in 46.4 and 28.6 % of samples exceeded the ecotoxic effect trigger value (100 μg kg^?1), respectively. The concentrations of these antibiotics and five tetracycline resistance genes in four soil plots at depth profiles were quantified thereafter. In most cases, both antibiotics and resistance genes decreased with the increase of depth. Some antibiotics can be detected at a depth of 60–80 cm where the abundance of tetO, tetM, and tetX reached up to 10⁷ copies g^?1. Additionally, the sum of all tet genes (normalized to 16S rRNA genes) correlated with ∑TCs significantly (r?=?0.676). Our results suggest that resistance determinants can migrate to deeper soil layers and would probably contaminate groundwater by vertical transport.     

污泥脱水絮凝剂消耗的控制措施

污泥脱水是污水处理中的一个重要环节,影响脱泥用药(絮凝剂)的因素很多.水厂结合实验分析,发现污泥脱水中不同参数对耗药率影响较大.因此,采取了相应的工艺控制方法,在保障运行效率的基础上,有效降低污泥脱水运行成本.     

浅谈石化企业员工心理健康管理模式的建立

分析了国内外企业员工心理健康管理实施现状,阐述了石化企业引入员工心理健康管理模式的重要性和必要性,提出加强心理健康管理模式建设的建议.     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌脱除不同煤种硫分实验研究

利用氧化亚铁硫杆菌对煤中硫分的脱除作用,探讨了其对3种不同地域且不同矿物含量煤的脱硫作用。进行了未酸化与酸化处理煤样脱硫试验、温度影响试验、初始pH值影响试验。结果表明：未预处理条件下煤样I、n、Ⅲ的脱硫率分别为29．3％、3．9％、3．5％,酸处理后迭到39．8％、40．7％、4．2％。煤样Ⅰ、Ⅱ的最佳脱硫温度分别为35℃、30℃;温度30℃,初始pH为2．3时,煤样Ⅰ、Л的脱硫效果最好,分别为54％、67％;温度和pH的变化对煤样山的影响不大。30℃,初始pH为2．3时煤样Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的黄铁矿硫去除率分别为77％、83％、67％。