垃圾焚烧飞灰综合利用研究进展

焚烧处理是解决日益增长生活垃圾的有效方法。垃圾焚烧产生的飞灰因含有大量的重金属等污染物而属危险废物 ,目前常采用的处理方法是填埋。本文就垃圾飞灰的综合利用研究现状进行了论述。从环境和技术的角度看 ,垃圾飞灰的预处理、水泥固化和玻璃化是目前飞灰综合利用的主要研究方向     

Photodegradation of humic acids in the presence of hydrogen peroxide

A batch photoreactor was used to evaluate the UV/H2O2 oxidation process for the removal of humic acids in water. A 450-W UV lamp with high-pressure mercury vapor was employed as the light source. The residues of humic acids and hydrogen peroxide were measured for assessment of process performance and understanding of process reaction behavior. The UV photolysis alone can play an important role in the degradation of humic acids. The presence of hydrogen peroxide was found to promote the degradation efficiency. However, excessive dosage of H2O2 does not further improve the degradation of humic acids. On the contrary, the lower the H2O2 dosage the higher the amount of humic acids which can be removed. Aeration with air does not favor the removal efficiency of humic acids as the oxidation lasts for a sufficiently long time. The presence of carbonate species deteriorates the humic acids' removal, whereas it results in a larger amount of H2O2 decomposition.     

Towards a control model for the highly cybernetic farming ecosystems

A dynamic model based on the linear systems theory is developed in designing a highly cybernetic farming strategy to efficiently manage residuals generated in farm ecosystems. A linear cybemetic model would be used to describe the dynamic behavior of resource flow in the farm ecosystem in which the state variables are resource quantities, and the control variables are residual quantities. The controlled process is defined as the controlled management strategy change. Cybemetic mechanism shows the application of residuals as control measures have determinate effects on the controlled process as along as the farming system is observable and controllable in the control sense. To illustrate the model algorithm the idea is applied to simulate the dynamic response of residual phosphorus concentrations in an integrated pig/corn farming system located in the south Taiwan region. General results show that the residual phosphorous concentration is influenced by farming activities which are controlled by a system of gross input and net output parameters. This paper demonstrates using input-output analysis technique that residuals generated in the farming system is the most important cybemetic variable,     

Facile synthesis of graphene-based hyper-cross-linked porous carbon composite with superior adsorption capability for chlorophenols

In this work, we proposed a green and cost-effective method to prepare a graphene-based hyper-cross-linked porous carbon composite (GN/HCPC) by one-pot carbonization of hyper-cross-linked polymer (HCP) and glucose. The composite combined the advantages of graphene (GN) and hyper-cross-linked porous carbon (HCPC), leading to high specific surface area (396.93 m²/g) and large total pore volume (0.413 cm³/g). The resulting GN/HCPC composite was applied as an adsorbent to remove 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) from aqueous solutions. The influence of different solution conditions including pH, ionic strength, contact time, system temperature and concentration of humic acid was determined. The maximum adsorption capacity of GN/HCPC composite (calculated by the Langmuir model) could reach 348.43 mg/g, which represented increases of 43.6% and 13.6% over those of the as-prepared pure GN and HCPC, respectively. The Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model were found to fit well with the adsorption process. Thermodynamic experiments suggested that the adsorption proceeded spontaneously and endothermically. In addition, the GN/HCPC composite showed high adsorption performance toward other organic contaminants including tetracycline, bisphenol A and phenol. Measurement of the adsorption capability of GN/HCPC in secondary effluent revealed a slight decrease over that in pure water solution. This study demonstrated that the GN/HCPC composite can be utilized as a practical and efficient adsorbent for the removal of organic contaminants in wastewater.     

基于源汇过程模拟的鄱阳湖流域总磷污染源解析

近年来鄱阳湖磷污染问题突出,总磷超标且浓度逐年增加,成为制约鄱阳湖流域（江西）经济社会可持续发展的重要因素.为科学解析鄱阳湖总磷污染来源,耦合多污染源污染负荷估算方法和SPARROW模型,建立基于源汇过程模拟的流域污染源解析技术方法,针对鄱阳湖流域13种总磷污染源开展负荷估算、模拟校核和入湖时空贡献定量解析.结果表明:①鄱阳湖总磷负荷以陆域输入为主（占90.8%）,主要污染来源为农业和城镇生活源,贡献率分别为56.4%和30.6%;污染来源按贡献率的大小排序依次为种植业（29.3%）>城镇生活（24.6%）>畜禽养殖（17.2%）>水产养殖（9.9%）>内源释放（6.9%）>城市径流（6.0%）>农村生活（2.2%）>工业企业（1.6%）>其他源（0.46%）.②在空间贡献方面,总磷入湖负荷主要来自于滨湖区和赣江集水区,贡献率分别为33.5%和31.8%,其他集水区总磷贡献率较小（合计为25.5%）,湖体贡献率为9.2%;同时,不同子流域污染源贡献结构也存在空间差异性.③在时间贡献方面,总磷入湖负荷量呈季节性波动特征,贡献峰值多出现在6月,雨季（3—8月）陆源输入负荷占全年的70%.④所构建的基于源汇过程模拟的污染源解析模型可用于流域水污染来源成因精细化解析.研究显示,鄱阳湖总磷污染来源具有明显时空差异性,建议围绕滨湖区和赣江集水区等高贡献区域设立优先管控区,重点针对种植业、城镇生活、畜禽养殖和水产养殖源,制定磷污染源汇过程减排政策措施,以改善鄱阳湖水环境质量.      

Forecasting industrial water demand in Huaihe River Basin due to environmental changes

A framework is proposed for forecasting industrial water demand in the context of climate change, economic growth, and technological development. The framework was tested in five sub-basins of Huaihe River of China, namely Upstream of Huaihe River (UH), Middlestream of Huaihe River (MH), Downstream of Huaihe River (DH), Yishusi River (YSSR), and Coastal River of Shandong Peninsula (CSP) to project future changes in industrial water demand under different environment change scenarios. Results showed that industrial water demand in Huaihe River basin will increase in the range of 10 to 44.6% due to economic development, water-saving technological advances, and climate change. The highest increase was projected by general circulation model (GCM) BCC-CSM1–1 (179.16 × 108 m³) and the lowest by GCM GISS-E2-R (132.4 × 10⁸ m³) in 2020, while the GCM BNU-ESM projected the highest increase (190.57 × 10⁸ m³) and GCM CNRM-CM5 the lowest (160.41 × 10⁸ m³) in 2030. Among the different sub-basins, the highest increase was projected in MH sub-basin where industrial water demand is already very high. On the other hand, the lowest increase in industrial water demand was projected in UH sub-basin. The rapid growth of high water-consuming industries and increased water demand for cooling due to temperature rise are the major causes of the sharp increase in industrial water demand in the basin. The framework developed in the study can be used for reliable forecasting of industrial water demand which in turn can help in selection of an appropriate water management strategy for adaptation to global environmental changes.     

保定市黄花沟河流环境及其水质COD变化研究

以保定市城区水系管理委员会2017年3月16日公布的黑臭水体河流中的黄花沟14.4公里的黑臭水体段为参考进行了勘查、取样与COD实验工作,重点从河水不同位置COD的变化角度对黄花沟水体、两岸环境、河道状态以及污染段的点源与面源污染因素等进行概述与浅析,以整体角度概括了以污染累积为主的污染原因,而应对此类河流污染,实施河道修复、生态修复、点源与非点源的控制等多方面的治理是很有必要的。     

新疆萨尔布拉克金矿矿床地球化学及矿床成因

本文介绍萨尔布拉克金矿成矿元素、稀土元素、稳定同位素及石英气─液包裹体的地球化学特征及其在时空上的演化规律．提出成矿元素主要来自地层中的火山物质，下石炭统南明水组的一套火山碎屑岩是矿源层，成矿元素是在动力变质作用下活化、迁够，最后在断裂的交汇部位富集、沉淀、成矿。     

软土地基上生活垃圾卫生填埋场的岩土工程问题与对策

生活垃圾卫生填埋场是处理固体废弃物的有效方法之一.尽管国内外学者对与垃圾填埋场相关的许多问题已经做了大量的研究工作,但是对软土地基上填埋场可能引起的一些岩土工程问题研究不多.针对软土地基上的填埋场,分析了填埋场在建设与运营过程将会遇到的若干岩土工程问题.针对填埋场的沉降、稳定性等问题,提出了将垃圾荷载看作变量对地基沉降进行计算和设计.考虑垃圾体的稳定性,分析由于地基破坏而引起的整体稳定性问题和变形引起的衬里系统的内部稳定性问题,研究地基处理的可行性和适应性,并加强填埋过程中的岩土工程监测工作.     

企业一体化管理体系实施模式探讨

笔者依据ISO90 0 1、ISO14 0 0 1及OHSAS180 0 1标准 ,为企业进行质量、环境及职业安全健康管理体系整合并实现一体化管理提出了实施模式