战略环境影响评价中公众参与方法研究与案例分析

公众参与有效性是衡量战略环境影响评价质量的一个重要指标,它对于提高环境管理水平具有重要的意义。本文在对比项目环境影响评价的基础上,系统阐述了战略环境影响评价公众参与的内容、对象、方式、时机、实施主体、数据处理及信息反馈,初步建立了战略环境影响评价公众参与的方法与体系,并结合典型案例进行了战略环境影响评价公众参与的过程分析。     

Endosulfan in the Chinese environment: monitoring and modeling

This paper reviews the usage and emissions of endosulfan, the newest member of the persistent organic pollutants (POPs), in China, and its fate and behavior in Chinese environment. Endosulfan usage in China has been estimated to be approximately 25700 t between 1994 and 2004. Concentrations of endosulfan in different environmental compartments in China, such as air, soil, water, and biota, but focusing at air and surface soil, have been summarized. Concentrations of total endosulfan in surface soil across China were ranged from below detection limit (BDL) to 19000 pg·g⁻¹ dry weight (dw), with geometric mean of 120 pg·g⁻¹dw. The results indicated that endosulfan sulfate had highest concentration in Chinese soil, followed by β- and α-endosulfan. Air concentrations of endosulfan in China were ranged 0–340 pg·m⁻³ for α-endosulfan and 0–121 pg·m⁻³ for β-endosulfan, with high concentrations occurred in the cotton production areas. Gridded usage inventories of endosulfan on a fine gridded system with a 1/4° longitude by 1/6° latitude resolution were compiled, from which, emission to air and residues in soil of endosulfan were calculated in each grid by using a modified simplified gridded pesticide emission and residue model (SGPERM), an integrated modeling system combining mathematical model, database management system, and geographic information system. Total emissions were around 10800 t from 1994 to 2004. Based on the emission and residue inventories, concentrations of α- and β-endosulfan in Chinese air and agricultural surface soil were also calculated for each grid cell, which are in general consistent with the published monitoring data.     

基层站信息化能力提升制约因素分析与应对策略

环境监测信息化是环境管理现代化、科学化的重要手段之一,因此信息化能力建设是基层环境监测站的一项重要能力建设,提升基层站的信息化应用能力具有十分重要的现实意义和紧迫性。基于当前基层环境监测站信息化能力状况,分析了当前制约基层站信息化能力提升的相关因素,提出了破解这些制约因素的应对策略。如果解决好这些问题,基层环境监测站就可以不断提升信息化能力,拓展新的信息化应用领域,使信息化能更好的服务于基层环境监测工作。     

沘江兰坪段生态健康评价指标体系研究

河流是人类文明的发源地。它为人类提供了多样的生态服务,但随着工业文明的发展,大量废水和污染物的排入,河流生态健康受到了严重影响。本文以沘江兰坪段为例,根据整体性原则、层次性原则、可操作性原则和定性与定量结合的原则,参考国内外河流生态健康评价的指标体系,结合沘江具体情况对河流生态健康的评价指标体系进行了探讨。     

溶解氧对亚硝酸型硝化反硝化的影响研究

在序批式生物膜反应器内接种以氨氧化细菌和反硝化细菌为主的活性污泥,期望实现亚硝酸型同步硝化反硝化生物脱氮,处理城市污水。在进水TN为30～40 mg/l、氨氮为30～35 mg/l、COD为250 mg/l左右、pH值为7.50～7.80、温度为25±1℃等条件下,研究不同溶解氧对总氮去除率和亚硝酸盐氮积累率的影响,结果表明,在溶解氧浓度为1.5～2.5 mg/l时,可以实现稳定的亚硝酸型硝化反硝化,总氮去除率为75%左右,亚硝酸盐氮积累率为65%～82%。     

浊度去除率在城市污水处理工程调试中的应用实践

某城镇污水处理厂采用水解酸化+BAF为主要工艺处理污水,处理量0.5万m3/d,进水水质COD≤500 mg/l、BOD5≤220mg/l、SS≤350 mg/l、NH3-N≤15 mg/l、总氮≤35 mg/l、总磷≤4.0 mg/l。出水标准(GB18918—2002)一级A标准,即COD≤50 mg/l、BOD≤10mg/l、SS≤10 mg/l、动植物≤1 mg/l、石油类≤1 mg/l、NH3-N≤5 mg/l、总氮≤15 mg/l。调试过程中采用控水周期法,同时应用浊度快速核算COD值,指导调试运行,根据水质的浊度与COD之间的关系,确定以浊度去除率作为主要工艺控制参数,具有操作方便、直观、及时变换工艺条件,保证调试的效果,及时发现异常,快速处理,具有良好的使用前景。     

Advances in the study of directed evolution for cellulases

If cellulose can be effectively hydrolyzed into glucose by cellulase, the production costs of hydrogen, ethanol or other chemicals from cellulosic materials will be greatly decreased, and economically viable production of biohydrogen and bioethanol will become feasible. Cellulose is degraded into glucoses by multi-component enzyme systems. Nowadays cellulases are widely used in brewing, food, bioenergy, fodder, textiles, paper, pharmaceuticals, environmental protection and other industries. However, existing cellulases have several problems that limit their wider applications, including the low turnover number for solid cellulosic materials, and low stability in adapting to various application conditions. For example, high temperature, low pH, and so on. Application of directed evolution technology may be one of the most effective ways for improving the characteristics of cellulases. This paper presents a brief review of the cellulases hydrolysis mechanism by cellulase, advances in cellulases (endoglucanase and β-glucosidase) improvement by directed evolution for several characteristics (for instance, thermal stability, pH adaptability and enzyme activity), limitations of directed evolution for cellulases, and the outlook for directed evolution for cellulase.     

荒漠能源植物气化发电的环境影响评价

对荒漠生物质气化发电进行LCA评价,建立评价模型,在评价过程中选用了燃煤发电系统为参照.研究结果表明,生物质利用过程没有CO2的排放,整个发电周期中仅原料的生产、运输以及预处理过程消耗能量导致CO2排放,因此生物质气化发电方案的排放量远远小于燃煤方案,减排量达到了87%-94%.生物质发电与燃煤发电相比,对环境污染降低程度的总指数为3.68.生物质能源的开发大大削减了化石能源利用带来的环境污染问题,同时也能够缓解能源危机.     

金汇港污染特征及其来源研究

根据历年监测数据研究了金汇港地表水污染水平、特征、变化规律及主要来源。结果表明,目前污染主要来自于生活污水及农村非点源且呈现出季节特征。     

南黄海绿潮分布区浮游植物的生态特征

根据2008年8月绿潮暴发期间南黄海调查资料,初步分析绿潮分布区浮游植物的种类组成、优势种及细胞数等生态特征,并与历史资料进行比较,探讨了绿潮对浮游植物生态特征的影响.结果表明,共发现浮游植物58种,其中硅藻38种,甲藻19种,金藻1种;共有优势种8种,硅藻7种,甲藻1种,第一优势种为佛氏海毛藻,优势度为0.201;细...