全氟辛烷磺酸短期暴露对不同作物苗期生长的影响

全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)作为一种新型持久性有机污染物,目前国内外对其生态毒性研究主要集中在水环境领域,而高等植物的生态毒性数据尚不完善。因此,本研究采用内培养方式,选取小麦、大麦、小白菜、三叶草、绿豆作为供试植物,利用根伸长、芽伸长、地上部分生物量等评价指标,研究了PFOS短期暴露对不同供试作物苗期生长的影响,建立了PFOS和作物苗期生长的剂量-效应关系,并对不同的评价指标进行相关性分析,筛选出表征PFOS生态毒性的敏感植物。结果表明,不同供试作物培育3 d后,PFOS对其于不同毒性终点的最小EC₅₀值为：小麦352 mg·kg^-1(根伸长)、大麦434 mg·kg^-1(根伸长)、三叶草794 mg·kg^-1(地上部分生物量鲜重)、小白菜829 mg·kg^-1(地上部分生物量鲜重)、绿豆>1 000 mg·kg^-1,因此敏感程度依次为：小麦>大麦>三叶草>小白菜>绿豆。须根系作物小麦、大麦较直根系作物三叶草、小白菜和绿豆敏感,而须根系作物各评价指标的敏感程度依次为：根伸长>地上部分生物量鲜重>芽伸长>地上部分生物量干重,可见小麦的根伸长对PFOS污染最为敏感。各评价指标间均呈正相关关系,表明PFOS对同种植物的不同评价指标影响趋势一致。     

基于非本地物种毒性数据推导出的水质基准可为本地物种提供适当保护吗？

基于非本地物种的毒性数据推导出的水质基准一直存在争议,质疑者提出应有针对不同生物区系的水质基准。而这个问题在中国尤为突出。本文作者搜集了38种污染物对本地物种和非本地物种的毒性数据,比较了这些生物的HC₅和物种敏感度分布,结果显示,基于非本地物种推导的水质基准有74%的确定性可以有效保护中国的水生态系统。如果采用评价因子(AF=5)来校正基准,那么可以获得90%的确定性。
精选自Xiaowei Jin, Zijian Wang, Yeyao Wang, Yibing Lv, Kaifeng Rao, Wei Jin, John P. Giesy and Kenneth M. Y. Leung. Do water quality criteria based on nonnative species provide appropriate protection for native species? Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: Volume 34, Issue 8, pages 1744–1750, August 2015. DOI: 10.1002/etc.2985
详情请见http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/etc.2985/full     

校园室内环境空气中环状挥发性甲基硅氧烷浓度水平及其健康风险评价

利用低流量大气采样器采集了大连某高校家庭、男寝、女寝、办公室、实验室中空气样品,分析了样品中4种环状挥发性甲基硅氧烷(cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes,cVMSs):六甲基环三硅氧烷(D3)、八甲基环四硅氧烷(D4)、十甲基环五硅氧烷(D5)、十二甲基环六硅氧烷(D6)的浓度水平、组分特征及其来源,并采用美国国家环境保护局(US-EPA)健康风险评价模型对D5人体健康风险进行了评价。结果表明监测期间室内环境空气中D3、D4、D5与D6检出率均为100%,室内环境总硅氧烷(ΣcVMSs)平均浓度为(12.4±20.7)μg·m~(-3),范围为0.29~78.4μg·m~(-3)。办公室与实验室浓度水平最高的为D3,而女寝与家庭为D5,男寝为D6。由于女寝中个人护理品的频繁使用,女寝空气中Σc VMSs浓度水平分别为男寝、家庭、办公室、实验室的46、80、27、55倍。D5对人体的非致癌危险商值范围为2.14E-04~4.31E-02,对暴露人群尚不存在明显的非致癌风险。     

佛山大沥镇发展再生金属行业的必要性及有利条件分析

再生资源行业是21世纪世界性的朝阳产业,其“低开采,高利用,低投入,高回报”的特点及我国明朗的政策,该行业市场前景广阔。大沥是我国唯一的“再生金属物流加工基地”,大沥宽松的经营环境、优越的区位条件、闻名海内外的区域品牌、稳定的进货渠道、快捷的信息来源,为大沥再生金属行业健康、可持续发展创造了有利条件。     

Fabrication and photocatalytic ability of an Au/TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite

A new type of Au/TiO₂/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposite was fabricated by the hydrothermal synthesis of TiO₂ on graphene oxide followed by the photodeposition of Au nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy images showed that Au nanoparticles were loaded onto the surface of both TiO₂ and RGO. Au/TiO₂/RGO had a better photocatalytic activity than Au/ TiO₂ for the degradation of phenol. Electrochemical measurements indicated that Au/TiO₂/RGO had an improved charge transfer capability. Meanwhile, chemiluminescent analysis and electron spin resonance spectroscopy revealed that Au/TiO₂/RGO displayed high production of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals in the photocatalytic process. This high photocatalytic performance was achieved via the addition of RGO in Au/TiO₂/RGO, where RGO served not only as a catalyst support to provide more sites for the deposition of Au nanoparticles but also as a collector to accept electrons from TiO₂ to effectively reduce photogenerated charge recombination.

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Effects of phosphorus sources on volatile organic compound emissions from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Microcystis flos</Emphasis>-<Emphasis Type="Italic">aquae</Emphasis> and their toxic effects on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</Emphasis>

There is diverse phosphorus (P) in eutrophicated waters, but it is considered as a crucial nutrient for cyanobacteria growth due to its easy precipitation as insoluble salts. To uncover the effects of complex P nutrients on the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from cyanobacteria and their toxic effects on other algae, the VOCs from Microcystis flos-aquae supplied with different types and amount of P nutrients were analyzed, and the effects of VOCs and their two main compounds on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii growth were investigated. When M. flos-aquae cells were supplied with K₂HPO₄, sodium pyrophosphate and sodium hexametaphosphate as the sole P source, 27, 23 and 29 compounds were found, respectively, including furans, sulfocompounds, terpenoids, benzenes, aldehydes, hydrocarbons and esters. With K₂HPO₄ as the sole P source, the VOC emission increased with reducing P amount, and the maximum emission was found under Non-P condition. In the treatments of M. flos-aquae VOCs under Non-P condition and two main terpenoids (eucalyptol and limonene) in the VOCs, remarkable decreases were found in C. reinhardtii cell growth, photosynthetic pigment content and photosynthetic abilities. Therefore, we deduce that multiple P nutrients in eutrophicated waters induce different VOC emissions from cyanobacteria, and P amount reduction caused by natural precipitation and algal massive growth results in more VOC emissions. These VOCs play toxic roles in cyanobacteria becoming dominant species, and eucalyptol and limonene are two toxic agents.     

再生水回用于景观水体的初步探讨

从国内外再生水回用于景观水体的现状以及城市生活污水再生利用发展规模上的变化,阐述了生活污水回用于景观水体的必要性,介绍了再生水处理工艺,通过实验结果论述了生活污水回用于景观水体的可行性,并分析了它的环境效益和经济效益。     

表面处理对芳纶无纬布防弹性能的影响

本文对芳纶无纬布的表面处理进行了研究,对比了处理前后的面密度、表面光滑柔软性能、厚度、防水性能以及防弹性能。通过比较可知,经过表面处理后,芳纶无纬布不仅实现了防水功能,且其防弹性能没有下降。这说明,此处理方法可行,适合推广。     

Excel软件在环境监测质量控制中的应用

本文介绍了Excel软件在环境监测质量控制中的应用,结合实例详细阐述了利用Exeel软件制作Youden双样图的方法。