Varying water column stability controls the denitrification process in a subtropical reservoir, Southwest China

Reservoirs are regarded as hotspots of nitrogen transformation and potential sources of nitrous oxide（N₂O）. However, it remains unclear how the hydrological conditions due to dam construction control the processes of nitrogen transformation in reservoir waters. To address this issue, we examined the spatial-temporal characteristics of nitrate concentrations, δ¹⁵N-NO₃^-, δ¹⁸O-NO₃^-, δ¹⁸O-H₂O, relative...     

全氟辛烷磺酸暴露对赤子爱胜蚓的急性毒性效应

采用人工土壤培养法,通过14 d急性暴露试验,研究了全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)对赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia fetida)的死亡率、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及DNA损伤的影响。研究结果表明：PFOS对蚯蚓14 d-LC₅₀为478.0 mg·kg^-1,显示为低毒;急性暴露期间,PFOS显著抑制蚯蚓生长,生长抑制率随着PFOS浓度增加而增大,且有良好的剂量效应关系(r=0.951,P<0.01);PFOS对蚯蚓GST和CAT活性均没有显著性影响,没有观察到剂量效应关系;PFOS可致蚯蚓体腔细胞DNA损伤,不同浓度的PFOS对蚯蚓体腔细胞尾长、尾部DNA含量和尾矩的影响具有一定的剂量效应关系(P<0.01),与对照组之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。上述结果表明,PFOS对蚯蚓的存活影响显示为低毒,但是对生长有一定影响,可致蚯蚓体腔细胞DNA损伤。     

染料脱色菌的筛选及固定化脱色试验

从印染厂污水中筛选到７株高效脱色菌,其中Ｐｓｅ４、Ｐｓｅ２９两菌在非固定化条件下,分别对１０ｍｇ／Ｌ阳离子桃红ＦＧ、活性艳红Ｋ－２ＢＰ溶液３在染料为唯一碳源、能源时、１２ｄ脱以８０％以上,这２菌都属于公章民菌属,将各菌等量混合进行脱色,没有协同作用,采用凹凸棒粘土颗粒或塑料环为载体固定化脱色菌,能大大缩短反应时间,提高脱色率,凹凸棒颗粒固定化柱在６ｈ即对６０ｍｇ／Ｌ混合染料脱色９１％,是一种具有较     

Speciation and sources of atmospheric aerosols in a highly industrialised emerging mega-city in central China

Monitoring air quality in large urban agglomerations is the key to the prevention of air pollution-related problems in emerging mega-cities. The city of Wuhan is a highly industrialised city with >9 million inhabitants in Central China. Simultaneous PM10 sampling was performed during 1 year at one urban and one industrial site. Mean PM10 daily levels (156 microg m(-3) at the urban site and 197 microg m(-3) at the industrial hotspot) exceed the US-EPA or EU annual limit values by 3-4 times. A detailed study of daily speciation showed that the mean chemical composition of PM10 presents minimal differences between peak and low PM episodes. This implies that PM10 aerosols in the study area result from local emissions, and air quality management and abatement strategies in Wuhan should thus focus on local anthropogenic sources. The levels of some elements of environmental concern are relatively high (409-615 ngPb m(-3), 66-70 ngAs m(-3), 116-227 ngMn m(-3), 10-12 ngCd m(-3)) due to industrial, but also urban emissions. Principal component analysis identified a mineral source (probably cement and steel manufacture) and smelting as the main contributors to PM10 levels at the industrial site (34%), followed by a coal fired power plant (20%) and the anthropogenic regional background (16%). At the urban site the major PM10 source is a mixed coal combustion source (31%), followed by the anthropogenic regional background (28%) and traffic (16%).     

电厂环境噪声模型的研究

为了开展电厂环境噪声预测及评价工作,提出了电厂环境噪声预测数学模型,研制出电算程序。此模型吸取了众多模型的优点,声源模式有点源、分布面源、体源和线源;传播方式分近场和远场;障碍物影响考虑了反射,衍射和衍射的反射。用此模型对耒阳电厂环境噪声进行计算,计算与实测结果表明,此模型精度高,软件实用、方便。     

锌对厌氧体系的影响及5种重金属离子抑制作用的比较

研究在混合式厌氧消化器中锌离子对厌氧生物的抑制作用和不同的日加入量对厌氧体系的影响。实验结果表明,日加入锌低于４０ｍｇ／Ｌ,对体系无影响;日加入量为７０ｍｇ／Ｌ和高于１０９ｍｇ／Ｌ时,对体系分别造成轻微抑制和严重抑制。同时,以体系中溶解态金属离子的浓度（ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）与体系中污泥含量（ｋｇＶＳ／Ｌ）的比值为依据,比较了５种金属离子对体系的抑制性强弱,其顺序为：Ｐｂ＞Ｃｕ＞Ｎｉ＞Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）＞Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）     

不同来源菌种对苯系化合物生物降解性的比较

研究了从城市污水处理场和石油化工废水处理场曝气池活性污泥中富集的混合菌种对苯,甲苯,乙基苯,邻二甲苯,间二甲苯和对二甲苯６种化合物的生物降解性。在相同的生物试验条件下,比较了２类不同来源菌种对被试验化合物代谢过程在耐受化合物浓度,降解启动工作服     

再生水回用于景观水体的初步探讨

从国内外再生水回用于景观水体的现状以及城市生活污水再生利用发展规模上的变化,阐述了生活污水回用于景观水体的必要性,介绍了再生水处理工艺,通过实验结果论述了生活污水回用于景观水体的可行性,并分析了它的环境效益和经济效益。     

Excel软件在环境监测质量控制中的应用

本文介绍了Excel软件在环境监测质量控制中的应用,结合实例详细阐述了利用Exeel软件制作Youden双样图的方法。