Spatial scale and seasonal dependence of land use impacts on riverine water quality in the Huai River basin,China

Land use pattern is an effective reflection of anthropic activities, which are primarily responsible for water quality deterioration. A detailed understanding of relationship between water quality and land use is critical for effective land use management to improve water quality. Linear mixed effects and multiple regression models were applied to water quality data collected from 2003 to 2010 from 36 stations in the Huai River basin together with topography and climate data, to characterize the land use impacts on water quality and their spatial scale and seasonal dependence. The results indicated that the influence of land use categories on specific water quality parameter was multiple and varied with spatial scales and seasons. Land use exhibited strongest association with dissolved oxygen (DO) and ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) concentrations at entire watershed scale and with total phosphorus (TP) and fluoride concentrations at finer scales. However, the spatial scale, at which land use exerted strongest influence on instream chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) levels, varied with seasons. In addition, land use composition was responsible for the seasonal pattern observed in contaminant concentrations. COD, NH₃-N, and fluoride generally peaked during dry seasons in highly urbanized regions and during rainy seasons in less urbanized regions. High proportion of agricultural and rural areas was associated with high nutrient contamination risk during spring. The results highlight the spatial scale and seasonal dependence of land use impacts on water quality and can provide scientific basis for scale-specific land management and seasonal contamination control.     

CdSe量子点的合成及其在重金属离子检测中的应用

以3-巯基丙酸（3-MPA）为修饰剂合成了水溶性CdSe量子点,优化了合成条件,并以其为荧光探针建立了水样中Pb²⁺和Hg²⁺的检测方法。实验结果表明：在n（Se）∶n（Cd²⁺）为1∶6、n（Se）∶n（NaBH₄）为1∶3、n（Cd²⁺）∶n（3-MPA）为1∶6、反应pH为11、回流温度为100 ℃、回流时间为60 min的优化条件下合成的量子点荧光性能较优;量子点的荧光猝灭强度与Pb²⁺或Hg²⁺的质量浓度呈良好的线性关系,线性范围分别为0.005~10 mg/L和0.001~1 mg/L,检出限分别为0.003 mg/L和0.001 mg/L,相对标准偏差分别为1.23%和1.29%,可应用于实际水样中Pb²⁺和Hg²⁺的检测。     

Physical Characterization and Pre-assessment of Recycled High-Density Polyethylene as 3D Printing Material

3D printing has received lots of attention due to its limitless potential and advantages in comparison to traditional manufacturing processes. This study focuses on the most popular type of home 3D printers, namely fused filament fabrication (FFF) printers, which use plastic filaments as the feedstock. The rather high material cost and large amount of plastic waste generated by FFF 3D printers have driven the need for plastic filaments produced from recycled plastic waste. This study evaluates, in terms of physical characterization, the feasibility of using recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE), one of the most commonly used plastics, as the feedstock for 3D printers, in comparison with the common acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastic pellets. In-house extrusion using recycled HDPE pellets and flakes is possible. The diameter consistency and extrusion rate results, along with other physical characterization results, including differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and water absorption, suggest that making filaments from recycled HDPE pellets is a viable option, as the obtained filament has favorable water rejection and comparable extrusion rate and thermal stability. Existing methods for overcoming the warping and adhesion problems in 3D printing with HDPE were also reviewed. In order to increase the market competitiveness of waste-derived filaments, optimization of the extrusion process, studies on the mechanical and aging properties, and development of a standard characterization methodology and database are crucial.     

Impacts of climate change and urban growth on the streamflow of the Milwaukee River (Wisconsin,USA)

Regional Environmental Change - Hydrological impact studies of climate change increasingly take land use changes into account. However, the Midwestern USA is still understudied in this context....     

混合污染物联合毒性评价模型曲线和实际浓度效应曲线之间交叉现象的研究进展

许多研究在使用评价模型进行混合物联合作用模式判别时发现,混合污染物的评价模型曲线和浓度效应曲线之间存在交叉的现象,表现为联合作用模式随混合物浓度发生变化。虽然交叉现象不断被报道出来,但是该现象形成机制的研究却非常欠缺。本文系统分析了文献中出现的交叉现象,探讨了交叉现象可能的形成原因和机制,提出了化合物的hormesis效应是导致交叉现象的关键因素:混合组分中某些化合物在低浓度时会对受试生物的某些蛋白、基因等的表达量产生刺激作用,影响其他化合物对机体产生的效应,从而改变混合组分的联合作用模式。该研究不仅为交叉现象形成机制的进一步探索提供了理论依据,还为混合物的生态毒理评估和环境风险评价提供理论指导。     

Promotional effect of rare earth-doped manganese oxides supported on activated semi-coke for selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A composite catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3 is investigated, in which the rare earth (RE, including La, Ce, Pr,...     

基于GIS和贡献权重迭加方法的区域滑坡灾害易损性评价

区域滑坡易损性是指特定区域对滑坡灾害的破坏和损害的敏感性.根据易损性指标的科学性、可操作性以及可定量化等基本选取依据和研究区的区域特点,选择了人口密度、道路密度、建筑密度、林地密度、耕地密度、滑坡灾害密度6个指标.探讨了贡献率方法评价区域滑坡易损性的建模过程和数学表达.区域滑坡易损性定量表达为各指标的自权重与互权重以及指标的归一化值的乘积.以四川米易县为研究实例,对此评价方法进行了应用,在GIS系统中运用自然断点法进行了易损度区划和区划制图,结果显示,高易损度区、中易损度区、低易损度区分别占研究区域的7.13%、21.19%、71.68%,易损性分布基本上与人口密度、建筑密度和道路密度分布相一致,反应了基于贡献率的区域滑坡灾害易损性区划的合理性.     

泥石流沟道侵蚀初探

泥石流是广泛分布于我国山区、破坏力极强的山地自然灾害之一,对山区经济发展、人民生命财产安全都有着极大的威胁.泥石流沟道侵蚀作为一种特殊的侵蚀类型,与一般水流相比,其侵蚀作用非常强烈,在一次过程中便可刷深沟床数米甚至数十米.泥石流沟道侵蚀的危害(桥梁、堤防基础暴露等)不亚于泥石流淤积.鉴于目前国内外在泥石流沟道侵蚀研究方面仍处于主要对野外观测资料进行简单分析的现状,对泥石流沟道侵蚀的模式和影响因素进行了探讨,建议今后应着重对泥石流沟道侵蚀动力学过程和机理的研究,建立泥石流沟道侵蚀特征与泥石流运动特征(流速、容重等)参数之间的定量关系.     

乌江中上游水库-河流体系夏秋季N、Si分布特征

测定了乌江中上游的洪家渡至乌江渡水库段水体中总氮、氨氮和溶解态硅等营养物质含量,并现场测定水深、温度、溶解氧和叶绿素浓度等理化参数。研究结果表明：在夏秋水库分层现象不断减弱期间,氮、硅的空间分布受水库生物地球化学作用差异的影响,在空间上具有明显不同的分布特征。流域内地表水总氮含量变化不大,水库内垂直分布也较均一;7至9月份河流和水库表层水体总氮含量平均值呈下降趋势,分别为347、317和 3.00 mg/L。7、8月份水库表层水溶解态硅含量明显低于上下游水体,说明水库生物吸收作用强而导致水库滞留溶解态硅;在垂直剖面上,0～30 m 水体溶解态硅含量随水深增加而增加,30～60 m 溶解态硅含量变化不大,这反映了水库上层水体生物对硅的吸收,和下层水体溶解态硅的吸收和释放平衡。     

微波辅助白腐真菌煤炭脱硫试验研究

将微波技术与生物技术相结合用于煤炭脱硫,采用微波功率1 000 W、辐照时间80 s对煤样进行辐照处理后,考察了初始pH值、煤粉粒径和煤浆浓度对微波辅助白腐真菌脱硫效果的影响,以及脱硫过程中硫化物的转化规律。研究结果表明,微波辐照作用能够缩短脱硫周期,提高有机硫的脱除率。在初始pH值为4.5,煤粉粒径为80～120目,煤浆浓度为10%,浸出时间为3 d的条件下,煤中的全硫、无机硫和有机硫脱除率分别达到52.06%、51.61%和54.22%。