上海南区污水输送干线世博期间排水安全保障

上海世界博览会将于2010年5月至10月召开,会展期跨越上海市夏季主汛期。届时如何保障世博园区的排水安全和水质安全,对接纳园区污水的已建干线排水系统是一个极大的考验。通过建立上海市南干线排水管网系统的数学水力集成模型,对世博园区污水接入后南干线的水力状态进行模拟,预测世博园区的排水风险,提出世博期间南干线的排水安全保障方案,为世博会期间的防洪保安奠定基础。     

地市级环保数据网络的安全现状与对策

从地市级环保数据网络的安全现状展开调查,分析网络各个应用可能存在的安全漏洞和安全风险,并分析其解决方法,研究结果将对中国地市级进行环境信息系统的安全运行具有借鉴作用。     

污泥中重金属处理技术的研究现状及发展趋势

随着世界各国经济迅速发展和人口的不断增长,污泥中重金属的污染已成为全球关注的热点问题之一,污泥中的重金属迫切需要综合整治。本文在对污泥中重金属处理技术概述的基础上,就近年来污泥中重金属的现状进行了分析,探讨出污泥中重金属处理技术的发展前景。     

中国大陆地震检测能力的新进展

被普遍记录的最小震级是表征地震检测能力的重要标志。基于地震频度-震级关系统计了地震观测系统的检测率。引进了相应于70.7%检测率的系统震级下限参量Mr以定量表征地震实际观测能力。以1970-2009年40年来中国大陆地区的地震观测目录为基础数据,分三个时间段客观统计了地震台网的观测水平,展示了中国大陆地震检测能力的地理分布。     

Effects of sediment dredging on water quality and zooplankton community structure in a shallow of eutrophic lake

Effects of suction dredging on water quality and zooplankton community structure in a shallow of eutrophic lake,were evaluated.The results showed that a decreasing trend for levels of phosphorus,organic matter,total suspended solids,Chlorophyll a and Secchi transparency in the water column was found,while levels of water depth,electrical conductivity,total dissolved solids and NO 3--N concentration increased markedly post-dredging.The effects of dredging on dissolved oxygen,pH value and temperature were alm...     

Quantum dots enhance Cu2+-induced hepatic L02 cells toxicity

As a new class of xenogenous nanoparticle,quantum dots (QDs) possess the potential to co-exist with Cu2+ in human liver.The combined toxicity is thus concerned.Considering QDs and Cu2+ are known ROS (reactive oxygen species) inducer,we investigated the combined oxidative stress and corresponding protective strategy using human hepatic L02 cells.The results demonstrated that the presence of a small amount of MPA-CdTe QDs (2 μg/mL) in a Cu2+ solution (2.5-20 μg/mL) resulted in a higher toxicity with up to 8-fold cell viability decrease,which was accompanied by cell morphology changes.The combined toxicity was then confirmed as ROS associated oxidative stress with up to 300% and 35% increase of the intracellular ROS level and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity,respectively.N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can also provide almost complete protection against the induced toxicity.Therefore,the ROS associated oxidant injury might be responsible for the QDs-Cu2+/Cu2+ induced toxicity and could be balanced through cytoprotective antioxidant enzyme GST.     

Effects of sterilization treatments on the analysis of TOC in water samples

Decomposition experiments conducted with and without microbial processes are commonly used to study the effects of environmental microorganisms on the degradation of organic pollutants.However,the effects of biological pretreatment (sterilization) on organic matter often have a negative impact on such experiments.Based on the principle of water total organic carbon (TOC) analysis,the effects of physical sterilization treatments on determination of TOC and other water quality parameters were investigated.The results revealed that two conventional physical sterilization treatments,autoclaving and 60 Co γ-radiation sterilization,led to the direct decomposition of some organic pollutants,resulting in remarkable errors in the analysis of TOC in water samples.Furthermore,the extent of the errors varied with the intensity and the duration of sterilization treatments.Accordingly,a novel sterilization method for water samples,0.45 μm micro-filtration coupled with ultraviolet radiation (MCUR),was developed in the present study.The results indicated that the MCUR method was capable of exerting a high bactericidal effect on the water sample while significantly decreasing the negative impact on the analysis of TOC and other water quality parameters.Before and after sterilization treatments,the relative errors of TOC determination could be controlled to lower than 3% for water samples with different categories and concentrations of organic pollutants by using MCUR.     

Effects of silica nanoparticles on growth and photosynthetic pigment contents of Scenedesmus obliquus

To assess the aquatic ecosystem safety for silica (SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs), the growth inhibition and photosynthetic pigment contents of Scenedesmus obliquus in logarithm growth phase exposed to SiO2 NPs and SiO2 bulk particles (BPs) suspensions were measured. SiO2 NPs with 10-20 nm diameters were found to be toxic. The 20% effective concentration (EC20) values for 72 and 96 hr were 388.1 and 216.5 mg/L, respectively. The contents of chlorophyll decreased significantly under moderate and high concentratio...     

川渝地区农业生态系统NH3排放

基于县级农业活动水平数据及区域氮循环模型IAP-N方法,并根据地理特征、环境气候条件及地区行政区划将川渝地区划分成4个亚区,详细估算了1990~2004年川渝地区农业生态系统各氨排放源的排放及其时空分布状况.结果表明,1990~1994、1995~1999和2000~2004年3个时期,整个川渝地区农业生态系统氨(NH3)年均排放量(以纯氮量计)分别为626.7、670.5和698.8 Gg.a-1.氨排放年际变化呈增长趋势,各氨排放源贡献率的年际变化不大,2000~2004年川渝地区施肥农田、粪便管理系统和秸秆燃烧氨排放源的贡献率分别为53%、46%和1%,排放量分别为374.9、318.2和5.6 Gg.a-1.各地区的氨排放源结构有所不同,成都平原和重庆地区施肥农田氨排放贡献率最高,而川西南地区和川西北地区以粪便管理系统氨排放为主.川渝地区农业生态系统氨排放地理分布总体上呈"东高西低"现象,2000~2004年,重庆丘陵地区、成都平原地区、川西南山地区及川西北高原地区的氨排放量分别为165.6、408.8、85.9和38.8 Gg.a-1,氨排放强度分别为20、28、9.1和1.6kg.(hm2.a)-...     

含酚废水处理系统中苯酚降解菌的分离及分离物多样性分析

用富集培养和直接涂平板培养的方法,从含酚废水处理系统的悬浮污泥中分别分离了57株和55株苯酚降解菌.112株分离物经ERIC-PCR指纹图谱分析,共显示了15种差异明显的ERIC-PER指纹图谱,表明至少应有15种不同的菌株.其中直接涂平板法得到的分离物占有11种,富集培养法得到的分离物占4种.将直接涂平板得到的分离物,与来自不同种属苯酚降解菌的LmPH(the largest subunit of multi-component phenol hydroxylase)等位基因分子进行杂交显示,该11种分离物可分为3种以上不同的LmPH代谢类型;而富集培养获得的分离物巾只显示1种LmPH代谢类型.对显示不同ERIC-PCR指纹图的15个代表荫株的生长和苯酚降解效率进行研究发现,其中F-6菌株在苯酚浓度0.4～1.4g·L-1范围内,其苯酚降解效率达到了70%～100%.