九龙江流域畜禽养殖业的生态环境问题及防治对策探讨

根据2001年畜禽养殖业统计数据，分析了九龙江流域畜禽养殖污染的现状和趋势。通过计算农田畜禽粪便负荷量，并采用猪粪当量负荷及有效农田面积，考虑各地农田畜禽粪便有机肥可消纳量，对九龙江流域畜禽粪便负荷量和承受程度进行警报与分级，系统地阐述了畜牧业发展中产生的生态环境问题，从技术和管理角度，提出消减畜禽养殖污染、促进生态环境良性循环的对策和措施。     

An online monitoring system for atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO) based on stripping coil and ion chromatography

A new instrument for measuring atmospheric nitrous acid(HONO) was developed,consisting of a double-wall glass stripping coil sampler coupled with ion chromatography(SC-IC).SC-IC is featured by small size(50 × 35 × 25 cm) and modular construction,including three independent parts:the sampling unit,the transfer and supporting unit,and the detection unit.High collection efficiency(> 99%) was achieved with 25 μmol/L Na2CO3 as absorption solution even in the presence of highly acidic compounds.This instrument has a detection limit of 8 pptv at 15 min time resolution,with a measurement uncertainty of 7%.Potential interferences from NOx,NO2+SO2,NO2+VOCs,HONO+O3,HNO3,peroxyacetyl nitrite(PAN) and particle nitrite were quantified in laboratory studies and were found to be insignificant under typical atmospheric conditions.Within the framework of the 3C-STAR project,inter-comparison between the SC-IC and LOPAP(long path liquid absorption photometer) was conducted at a rural site in the Pearl River Delta.Good agreement was achieved between the two instruments over three weeks.Both instruments determined a clear diurnal profile of ambient HONO concentrations from 0.1 to 2.5 ppbv.However,deviations were found for low ambient HONO concentrations(i.e.< 0.3 ppbv),which cannot be explained by previous investigated interference species.To accurately determine the HONO budget under illuminated conditions,more intercomparison of HONO measurement techniques is still needed in future studies,especially at low HONO concentrations.     

滞洪型平原水库蓄水对水环境影响分析及其协同调控研究

本文通过滞洪型水库运行机理的介绍,以石佛寺水库为例,提出利用地表水和地下水协同调控解决蓄水带来的环境负效应,通过建立库区水环境统一模型,利用数值模拟方法分析预测水库蓄水对环境的影响,并对解决水库蓄水产生的环境负效应进行方案的优化选择,最终提出地表水库蓄水和地下水库供水的最优方案.     

持久性有机污染物(POPs)及其生态毒性的研究现状与展望

持久性有机污染物(POPs)是一类具有持久性、易于生物富集、对人和生物具有毒性的有机污染物质。POPs已成为全球关注的热点问题，它们对人和生物具有免疫毒性、内分泌毒性、生殖发育影响、致癌性以及其它一些毒性效应。因此应加强POPs生态毒性的研究。     

生活垃圾堆肥接种技术

以复合微生物菌剂、马粪、成熟堆肥、果园土、污泥为接种剂,采用在线监测堆肥设备,通过温度传感器、出口气体O₂-H₂S监测仪,研究堆肥过程中温度、耗氧速率、有机物分解速率、H₂S气体浓度变化.试验结果表明,添加接种剂堆肥与对照组比,堆料能达到理想的温度,且高温停留时间长,堆肥反应速率加快及堆肥腐熟时间缩短,并能很好地控制出口H₂S气体浓度.特别是以复合微生物菌剂或马粪作为接种剂,能明显加速堆料的腐熟进程,其腐熟时间分别比对照组提前210h和180h.     

东莞市城区地下空间空气质量状况探析研究

文章抽样调查了东莞市城区16处地下空间的空气质量状况,结果表明,地下通道、地下商业设施、公建类和住宅类地下停车场这四类地下空间的气态污染物CO、甲醛、O3、SO2的浓度日均值分别为0.385 mg/mN3、0.055 mg/mN3、0.046 mg/mN3和0.035 mg/mN3;其中,甲醛、O3平均污染指数明显高于CO、SO2,地下通道及地下商业设施的甲醛浓度接近标准值,地下通道部分时段点位出现了超标现象。     

Sulfur speciation and bioaccumulation in camphor tree leaves as atmospheric sulfur indicator analyzed by synchrotron radiation XRF and XANES

Analyzing and understanding the effects of ambient pollution on plants is getting more and more attention as a topic of environmental biology.A method based on synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy was established to analyze the sulfur concentration and speciation in mature camphor tree leaves (CTLs),which were sampled from 5 local fields in Shanghai,China.Annual SO2 concentration,SO42-concentration in atmospheric particulate,SO42-and sulfur concentration in soil were also analyzed to explore the relationship between ambient sulfur sources and the sulfur nutrient cycling in CTLs.Total sulfur concentration in mature camphor tree leaves was 766-1704 mg/kg.The mainly detected sulfur states and their corresponding compounds were +6 (sulfate,include inorganic sulfate and organic sulfate),+5.2 (sulfonate),+2.2 (suloxides),+0.6 (thiols and thiothers),+0.2 (organic sulfides).Total sulfur concentration was strongly correlated with sulfate proportion with a linear correlation coefficient up to 0.977,which suggested that sulfur accumulated in CTLs as sulfate form.Reduced sulfur compounds (organic sulfides,thiols,thioethers,sulfoxide and sulfonate) assimilation was sufficed to meet the nutrient requirement for growth at a balanced level around 526 mg/kg.The sulfate accumulation mainly caused by atmospheric sulfur pollution such as SO2 and airborne sulfate particulate instead of soil contamination.From urban to suburb place,sulfate in mature CTLs decreased as the atmospheric sulfur pollution reduced,but a dramatic increase presented near the seashore,where the marine sulfate emission and maritime activity pollution were significant.The sulfur concentration and speciation in mature CTLs effectively represented the long-term biological accumulation of atmospheric sulfur pollution in local environment.     

镉铅在粘土上的吸附及受腐殖酸的影响

试验研究了镉和铅2种重金属在蒙脱土和高岭土上的吸附,以及外加腐殖酸的3种组分（富里酸、棕色胡敏酸和灰色胡敏酸）的影响。镉铅在粘土上的吸附随着介质pH的升高而增加。在pH4-8范围内的任意pH点,镉在高岭土上的吸附量因富里酸而降低,因2种胡敏酸而升高;当pH值高于6时,吸附量急剧增加。外加富里酸使得铅在粘土上的吸附在pH＞6时意外出现随着介质pH而降低的趋势。     

基于腔衰减相移光谱法的二氧化氮分析仪的设计与应用

基于腔衰减相移光谱法设计了一套二氧化氮在线分析仪,通过优化测量参数,该仪器可长期稳定运行,其时间分辨率为60 s,检出限为0.191 ppb,在0~300 ppb范围内,NO₂气体浓度与相位正切信号值具有较好的二次拟合关系,R²为0.9995.另外,该仪器在泰安站进行了长期外场观测,并与改装后的进口商品化仪器PKU-Thermo 42i-TL进行比对实验,结果表明,两者的测量结果一致性较好,R²=0.9811,表明其具有良好的运行稳定性和测定结果准确性,适用于环境大气二氧化氮浓度的在线监测.外场观测结果表明,春季泰安站二氧化氮浓度均值为12.39 ppb,有明显日变化规律.     

Ambient volatile organic compounds at a receptor site in the Pearl River Delta region: Variations, source apportionment and effects on ozone formation

We present the continuously measurements of volatile organic compounds（VOCs） at a receptor site（Wan Qing Sha, WQS） in the Pearl River Delta（PRD） region from September to November of 2017. The average mixing ratios of total VOCs（TVOCs） was 36.3 ± 27.9 ppbv with the dominant contribution from alkanes（55.5%）, followed by aromatics（33.3%）. The diurnal variation of TVOCs showed a strong photochemical consumption during daytime,resulting in the formation of ozone（O₃）. Five VOC sources were ...