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591.
Jialin Tian Xuehua Hu Liming Dai Liang Zhang Heng Li Xiaoyue Lin 《International Journal of Green Energy》2020,17(6):363-372
ABSTRACTAs oil and gas production gradually shifts to deep and ultra-deep formations, the pressure and complexity of stratum is increased and drilling efficiency is decreased. Based on this, a Dual-diameter and bi-speed composite drilling method that can realize the different depth, diameter, and rotate speed coupling using only hole-bottom power is proposed in this paper. And a Dual-diameter and bi-speed composite drilling tool is designed, processed, and carried out to complete the field experiment. The tool is connected by a two-stage screw to make the rotate speed of a pilot bit higher than that of the reaming bit to increase the rate of penetration. And a concave bottom hole is formed so that the ground stress is released and the drillability of rock is lifted. Based on the introduction of the speed-up mechanism of the tool, the numerical analysis of the drilling performance of the tool with different diameter ratios and rotate-velocity combinations is completed. The experimental data showed that the Dual-diameter and bi-speed composite drilling method can obviously increase the rate of penetration and drilling efficiency, and also help to reduce the risk of stick-slip and prolong the service life of the drill bit. 相似文献
592.
Zhang Liming Geng Yong Zhong Yongguang Dong Huijuan Liu Zhe 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(21):21098-21108
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) contains both toxic and valuable materials. Due to rapid development of information and communication... 相似文献
593.
Hiew Billie Yan Zhang Lee Lai Yee Lee Xin Jiat Thangalazhy-Gopakumar Suchithra Gan Suyin 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(30):40608-40622
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Heavy metals released by various industries are among the major pollutants found in water resources. In this research, biosorption technique was... 相似文献
594.
Yang Ping Yang Hong Lai Derrick Y. F. Jin Baoshi Tong Chuan 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(21):21565-21578
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Water quality deterioration can adversely affect the long-term sustainability of aquaculture industry. Understanding the processes of nutrient... 相似文献
595.
用慢速滴碱法合成聚合氯化铝的过程中加入酸改性的凹凸棒,制备了新型絮凝剂APAC。采用Al-Ferron逐时络合比色法和烧杯絮凝实验法分别研究了APAC复合絮凝剂中铝的形态分布和絮凝性能。结果表明,Ala随盐基度的升高而逐渐降低;Alb随盐基度的升高而升高;Alc则先随盐基度的升高而升高,达到最大值后,再随盐基度的升高而降低。在相同实验条件下,盐基度愈高,混凝效果愈好,Alb含量愈高,混凝效果并不一定愈好。因此,APAC的质量控制以及追求目标应当是尽量提高Alc的含量,而不是Alb的含量。 相似文献
596.
Flood management: prediction of microbial contamination in large-scale floods in urban environments 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Taylor J Lai KM Davies M Clifton D Ridley I Biddulph P 《Environment international》2011,37(5):1019-1029
With a changing climate and increased urbanisation, the occurrence and the impact of flooding is expected to increase significantly. Floods can bring pathogens into homes and cause lingering damp and microbial growth in buildings, with the level of growth and persistence dependent on the volume and chemical and biological content of the flood water, the properties of the contaminating microbes, and the surrounding environmental conditions, including the restoration time and methods, the heat and moisture transport properties of the envelope design, and the ability of the construction material to sustain the microbial growth. The public health risk will depend on the interaction of these complex processes and the vulnerability and susceptibility of occupants in the affected areas. After the 2007 floods in the UK, the Pitt review noted that there is lack of relevant scientific evidence and consistency with regard to the management and treatment of flooded homes, which not only put the local population at risk but also caused unnecessary delays in the restoration effort. Understanding the drying behaviour of flooded buildings in the UK building stock under different scenarios, and the ability of microbial contaminants to grow, persist, and produce toxins within these buildings can help inform recovery efforts. To contribute to future flood management, this paper proposes the use of building simulations and biological models to predict the risk of microbial contamination in typical UK buildings. We review the state of the art with regard to biological contamination following flooding, relevant building simulation, simulation-linked microbial modelling, and current practical considerations in flood remediation. Using the city of London as an example, a methodology is proposed that uses GIS as a platform to integrate drying models and microbial risk models with the local building stock and flood models. The integrated tool will help local governments, health authorities, insurance companies and residents to better understand, prepare for and manage a large-scale flood in urban environments. 相似文献
597.
The reaction mechanisms of dibenzo-p-dioxin (DD) and 2,3,7,8-TCDD with OH radical have been studied using density functional theory calculations. Under the atmospheric conditions, ca 42% of DD + OH reaction proceeds as formation of DD − OH-β adduct, which will react with O2 slowly; while the rest will proceed as formation of DD − OH-γ adduct, which will decompose to the substituted phenoxy radical P1 by the fused-ring C-O bond cleavage. For 2,3,7,8-TCDD + OH, the reaction will predominantly form the substituted phenoxy radical P2. The reaction mechanisms are drastically different from the peroxy mechanism for the atmospheric oxidations of benzene and dibenzofuran. 相似文献
598.
Though polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have distributed as threats in the environment to human beings for several decades, monitoring of trace level PCBs in-field is still a challenge. As a potential method for monitoring PCBs at trace levels, Raman spectroscopy has been used to detect several PCBs in the laboratory. To facilitate the development of rapid detection of PCBs by Raman spectroscopy, it is essential to investigate the Raman spectra of all PCB congeners. Herein, the stable configurations and vibrational spectra of all the PCB congeners were calculated by Gaussian 03 program package. Based on molecular symmetry, PCBs are classified into seven groups. The structural features and the normal vibration modes for each group are discussed. Taking the C(2)-2 group as an example, the wavenumber ranges of the various normal vibration modes in the Raman spectra of PCBs were analyzed. The accuracy of calculated results was verified by experimental Raman spectra of PCB77 standard. This study can elucidate further information to promote the development of Raman spectroscopy in environmental monitoring. 相似文献
599.
600.
Lai Yoke Lee Jiang Yong Hu Say Leong Ong How Yong Ng Shih Wei Wong Yaoyu Feng Xiaolan Tan 《Water environment research》2008,80(8):725-731
The application of immunofluorescent labeling using quantum dots for detection of inactivated Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in spiked water samples (reservoir water, treated wastewater effluent, permeate of a membrane bioreactor, and tap water) provided more consistent results compared with the organic fluorophores label. The varying degree of particles present in the different water samples (with turbidity ranging from 0.2 to 6.1 NTU) in nonconcentrated water samples had insignificant interference on the labeled counts (2-sample t-tests, p > 0.236) using the quantum dot label, while the quantum dot label provided an advantage of approximately 50% lower interference in concentrated water samples compared with the organic fluorophores label. 相似文献