宜万铁路龙麟宫隧道大型溶腔处理研究

针对宜万铁路碳酸盐岩分布广泛,岩溶强烈发育,位于恩施市白果坝龙麟宫隧道出口处存在大型溶腔,并基于龙麟宫隧道1#大型溶腔处工程地质和水文地质条件,通过比选分析和优化设计,确定了路基填筑与明洞结构相结合的治理方案.     

江汉平原中北部一次区域性暴雨的成因分析

利用常规气象资料和NCEP再分析客观物理量场、卫星云图、多普勒雷达回波产品资料,对2007年7月13日发生在江汉平原中北部的暴雨过程进行了诊断分析。结果表明,（1）高空低槽东移是影响此次强降水过程的主要大尺度环流背景;（2）低层低涡暖切变和低空急流是暴雨的直接影响系统;（3）有利的热力水汽条件和动力条件是强降水产生和维持的机制;（4）卫星云图上“人”字型、“V”字型云系和多普勒速度资料上的“逆风区”、风切变可作为判断强降水落区落点的依据。     

泥石流灾害的事故树分析方法研究

为了解决泥石流灾害预防工作中的问题,本文通过系统安全工程的事故树分析方法,找到影响泥石流灾害产生的主要因素,构建泥石流灾害事故树图,从最小割集、最小径集、结构重要度三方面全面分析阐述了各基本事件对泥石流发生的影响程度以及它们之间的逻辑关系,找到预防关键因素并结合实际情况,提出预防泥石流灾害的一些建议。该结论为泥石流灾害的预防和治理提供了一定的参考和依据。     

Short-term inhalation exposure evaluations of airborne antibiotic resistance genes in environments

Antibiotic resistance is a sword of Damocles that hangs over humans. In regards to airborne antibiotic resistance genes (AARGs), critical knowledge gaps still exist in the identification of hotspots and quantification of exposure levels in different environments. Here, we have studied the profiles of AARGs, mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and bacterial communities in various atmospheric environments by high throughput qPCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We propose a new AARGs exposure dose calculation that uses short-term inhalation (STI). Swine farms and hospitals were high-risk areas where AARGs standardised abundance was more abundant than suburbs and urban areas. Additionally, resistance gene abundance in swine farm worker sputum was higher than that in healthy individuals in other environments. The correlation between AARGs with MGEs and bacteria was strong in suburbs but weak in livestock farms and hospitals. STI exposure analysis revealed that occupational intake of AARGs (via PM₁₀) in swine farms and hospitals were 110 and 29 times higher than in suburbs, were 1.5 × 10⁴, 5.6 × 10⁴ and 5.1 × 10² copies, i.e., 61.9%, 75.1% and 10.7% of the overall daily inhalation intake, respectively. Our study comprehensively compares environmental differences in AARGs to identify high-risk areas, and forwardly proposes the STI exposure dose of AARGs to guide risk assessment.     

Determination of N-nitrosodimethylamine in drinking water by UPLC-MS/MS

The method for detecting N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in drinking water using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was improved by optimizing the clean-up procedure to remove the matrix interference in pretreatment process, and was then applied to a survey of NDMA in both raw and finished water samples from five water treatment plants in South China. The NDMA concentrations ranged from 4.7 to 15.1 ng/L in raw water samples, and from 4.68 to 46.9 ng/L in finished water. The NDMA concentration in raw water was found to be related with nitrite concentration, and during the treatment, the NDMA concentration increased following ozonation but decreased after subsequent activated carbon treatment.     

混凝法处理锰矿选矿废水的试验研究

选取聚合氯化铝（PAC）、聚合硫酸铁（PFS）、聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）和六水合氯化铁（FC）4种常用混凝剂,采用正交试验,以去浊率与去锰率作为综合评价指标,探讨了不同混凝剂处理锰矿选矿废水的效果及最佳混凝条件。结果表明：在以上混凝剂中,FC的混凝效果较差;PAM对锰矿选矿废水的处理效果最优,最佳的混凝条件为：处理500 ml的废水,投加1.5 ml的PAM,pH为7.0,搅拌后沉降20 min,废水经处理后去浊率与去锰率分别为96%、92%,其中废水的pH及投药量对混凝效果的影响较大。     

双碱法烟气脱硫技术影响因素分析

双碱法在中小型燃煤锅炉的烟气脱硫上有着较广泛的应用,它克服了其他湿法脱硫容易结垢的缺点,且脱硫效率高。主要介绍近几年国内双碱法烟气脱硫效率主要影响因素的理论和实验研究现状,分析了pH值、钠离子浓度、液气比、硫酸根离子的比例和进口二氧化硫浓度等因素对该技术的脱硫效果的影响,提出了该技术目前存在的问题及其今后的发展方向。     

夏季广州城区细颗粒物PM_(2.5)和PM_(1.0)中水溶性无机离子特征

于2008年7月1～31日在广州城区每天采集PM2.5和PM1.0样品.利用离子色谱分析了样品中Na+、NH4+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+、F-、Cl-、NO3-和SO24-等9种离子组分质量浓度,并同步收集气象因子、大气散射系数、大气能见度以及SO2、NO2、O3气体污染物质量浓度等数据.结果表明,PM2.5和PM1.0中水溶性无机离子总浓度分别为(25.5±10.9)μg·m-3和(22.7±10.5)μg·m-3,分别占PM2.5和PM1.0质量浓度的(47.9±4.3)%和(49.3±4.3)%.SO42-占PM2.5和PM1.0中质量浓度百分比最高,分别为(25.8±4.0)%和(27.5±4.5)%.较高的温度和O3浓度有利于SO24-的生成,较高相对湿度有利于NO3-的生成.PM2.5和PM1.0中亲水性较强的SO42-、NH4+和NO3-对散射系数和能见度影响较大.     

菌株qy37的异养硝化/好氧反硝化机制比较及氨氮加速降解特性研究

筛选出1株耐盐异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌qy37,通过形态观察、生理生化试验和16S rDNA序列分析,确定其为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas).研究了异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌qy37的脱氮特性.在以NH4Cl为氮源的异养硝化系统内,该菌32 h内使NH 4+-N由138.52 mg/L降至7.88 mg/L,COD由2 408.39 mg/L降至1 177.49 mg/L,NH2 OH最大积累量为9.42 mg/L,NO 2--N最大积累量仅为0.02 mg/L,推测该菌将NH2OH直接转化为N2O和N2从系统中脱除.在以NaNO2为氮源的好氧反硝化系统内,该菌24 h内使NO 2--N由109.25 mg/L降至2.59 mg/L,NH2OH最大积累量为3.28 mg/L.好氧反硝化系统与异养硝化系统相比菌体生长量高,TN去除率低,COD消耗量低,NH2OH积累量低,并且检测到NO 3--N的积累.认为好氧反硝化在菌体生长和能量利用方面比异养硝化更有效率.在异养硝化-好氧反硝化混合系统内,16 h NH 4+-N去除速率比异养硝化系统提高了37.31%.混合系统的NH2 OH积累量低于异养硝化系统和好氧反硝化系统,但N2 O产出量高于二者.