介质材料在可渗透反应墙中的应用进展

可渗透反应墙正发展成为修复污染地下水技术的新方向,其中介质材料是可渗透反应墙成功修复污染地下水的关键。可渗透反应墙介质材料可以细分为还原型、吸附型、沉淀型和降解型介质材料等四类,并分别从不同类型的介质材料的反应机理、应用情况以及存在的问题等方面加以阐述。可渗透反应墙介质材料的选择应在其反应机理的基础上,结合实际的地下水环境条件、污染源、人类活动和经济费用等加以综合考虑,以保证可渗透反应墙长期有效经济安全地运行。     

颗粒流冲击力研究现状及讨论∗

颗粒流包括滑坡、泥石流、碎屑流、雪崩等,通常对桥梁、公路、居民区具有较大危害。分析了颗粒流的运动过程及其侵蚀、堆积和爬高等特性;此外,对颗粒流冲击力计算模型及其野外观测结果进行阐述。结果表明:现有冲击力计算模型认为冲击力在结构全断面呈均匀分布,忽略了颗粒流的运动特性对冲击力的影响;大块石冲击力计算忽略了颗粒破碎和浆体垫层效应对冲击力的影响,造成巨大的计算误差;由于传统传感器的缺陷,现有野外观测结果也存在较大误差。对此本文提出野外观测需要通过引入或开发新式压力传感器以得到更准确的颗粒流冲击力大小及其分布形式,从而更精确的修正理论模型;理论计算模型研究工作需要考虑颗粒流浆体的垫层效应、流体与基底的相互作用及块石冲击破碎等对流体冲击力的影响,从而推导出更准确的冲击力计算模型,指导工程实际。     

Removal of BTEX vapor from waste gases by a trickle bed biofilter

The system performance of a trickle bed biofilter for treating single and mixed benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-xylene (BTEX) vapors from waste gases was investigated under different gas flow rates and influent BTEX concentrations. When a single substrate was fed, removal efficiencies of greater than 90% could be achieved for the loads below 64 g benzene/m3/hr, 110 g toluene/m3/hr, 53 g ethylbenzene/m3/hr, and 55 g o-xylene/m3/hr. When a mixed substrate was fed, removal efficiencies of each compound could be above 90% at BTEX loads below 96 g/m3/hr. The trickle bed biofilter appears to be an effective treatment process for removing both single and mixed BTEX vapors with low to high loads. Under similar substrate loads, BTEX vapors were preferentially biodegraded in the order of toluene, benzene, o-xylene, and ethylbenzene. The volumetric removal rates (elimination capacities) of BTEX vapors for a single-substrate feed were higher than those for a mixed-substrate feed under similar substrate loads; these differences were enhanced at higher substrate loads and less significant for a preferred substrate.     

Biodegradation and bio-sorption of antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs using immobilized cell process

In the present study, the removal mechanisms of four antibiotics (sulfamethoxazole, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethazine, and trimethoprim) and four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (acetaminophen, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and naproxen) in immobilized cell process were investigated using batch reactors. This work principally explores the individual or collective roles of biodegradation and bio-sorption as removal routes of the target pharmaceuticals and the results were validated by various experimental and analytical tools. Biodegradation and bio-sorption were found as dominant mechanisms for the drug removal, while volatilization and hydrolysis were negligible for all target pharmaceuticals. The target pharmaceuticals responded to the two observed removal mechanisms in different ways, typically: (1) strong biodegradability and bio-sorption by acetaminophen, (2) strong biodegradability and weak bio-sorption by sulfamethoxazole, sulfadimethoxine, ibuprofen and naproxen, (3) low biodegradability and weak bio-sorption by sulfamethazine and ketoprofen, and (4) low biodegradability and medium bio-sorption by trimethoprim. In the sorption/desorption experiment, acetaminophen, sulfamethoxazole and sulfadimethoxine were characterized by strong sorption and weak desorption. A phenomenon of moderate sorption and well desorption was observed for sulfamethazine, trimethoprim and naproxen. Both ibuprofen and ketoprofen were weakly sorbed and strongly desorbed.     

伊犁地区矿泉水中无机成分分析

通过对伊犁地区部分矿泉水水质分析,展示了该地区矿泉水中微量元素含量及其分布的特点,为今后开发和利用水地区的矿泉资源提供了一定的科学依据.     

催化CODcr快速测法的精密度与准确度实验

化学需氧量标准分析方法测定时间长、操作繁琐。本实验采用CTL—BX3C型便携式COD快速测定仪能在20分钟获得COD数据，同时耗能低、省时省力、减少污染。催化CODcr快速法的精密度与准确度均能达到要求。     

高校宿舍甲醛污染健康风险评价

针对高校宿舍空间及人均面积占有量较小的特点,导致室内空气污染严重,尤其是新装修的宿舍,由装修所带来的污染不可忽视.本文以装修所带采的典型污染物甲醛为测评对象,分别测定了男女生宿舍室内甲醛含量在一天内的变化,利用SPSS软件分析得出甲醛浓度的变化规律,且女生宿舍甲醛浓度大约是男生宿舍的1.3倍,并对此给出了合理解释.利用EPA健康风险评价模型得出室内甲醛污染带来的致癌风险,最后提出了4项科学具体的预防措施,旨在提高人们对高校宿舍装修带来的污染的重视.     

提高节理面c和φ对岩坡开挖变形的影响

为了反映岩质边坡在节理面注浆后的变形效应,首先,通过室内试验,分析注浆前后岩体变形和破坏的全过程,以探讨其抗剪性能(粘结力c和内摩擦角φ)的变化;然后,基于理想弹塑性本构模型的Mohr-Cou-lomb准则,运用拉格朗日元数值方法(FLAC3D),对岩坡注浆前后变形效应(水平位移、垂直位移、剪应变增量)进行模拟。结果表明:注浆加固后,岩体的位移场变得均匀和连续,节理面处的较大位移受到抑制,边坡的整体性得到提高,有利于边坡的稳定性。     

金属尾矿制备生物陶粒的研究

阐述了利用江西某金属矿的尾矿、炉渣、粉煤灰制备一种多孔滤料陶粒的方法。实验结果表明：粒径5—30mm、粒子密度1．5-2．5g．／cm^3堆积密度0．65-1．3g／cm^3、比表面积7．2-13．5m^2／g、酸可溶率〈0．7％、筒压强度6．5-9．1MPa、吸水率0．1％～5％的陶粒质轻多孔,比表面积大,附着的微生物量大,孔隙率高,微生物挂膜快,老化生物膜易脱落。     

课证融合模式下实训教学改革研究

课证融合模式就是将课程与职业资格证书相结合的教学模式,是对职业教学改革的探索。但当前存在的实训教学标准模糊、校企合作实训教学条件不足、教师队伍转型滞后、教材开发混乱等现象严重阻碍了课证融合模式的推行,职业院校应当从明确考核评价标准、改进培养方案、加大双师教师的引进和培养、科学开发实训教材等途径进行尝试,推进课证融合。