Quantifying public health benefits of environmental strategy of PM2.5 air quality management in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, China

In 2013,China issued "Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan(Action Plan)" to improve air quality.To assess the benefits of this program in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region,where the density of population and emissions vary greatly,we simulated the air quality benefit based on Ben MAP to satisfy the Action Plan.In this study,we estimate PM_(2.5) concentration using Voronoi spatial interpolation method on a grid with a spatial resolution of 1 × 1 km~2.Combined with the exposure-response function between PM_(2.5) concentration and health endpoints,health effects of PM_(2.5) exposure are analyzed.The economic loss is assessed by using the willingness to pay(WTP) method and human capital(HC) method.When the PM_(2.5) concentration falls by 25% in BTH and reached 60 μg/m~3 in Beijing,the avoiding deaths will be in the range of 3175 to 14051 based on different functions each year.Of the estimated mortality attributable to all causes,3117 annual deaths were due to lung cancer,1924 – 6318 annual deaths were due to cardiovascular,and343 – 1697 annual deaths were due to respiratory.Based on WTP,the estimated monetary values for the avoided cases of all cause mortality,cardiovascular mortality,respiratory mortality and lung cancer ranged from 1110 to 29632,673 to 13325,120 to 3579,1091 to 6574 million yuan,respectively.Based on HC,the corresponding values for the avoided cases of these four mortalities were 267 to 1178,161 to 529,29 to 143 and 261 million yuan,respectively.     

SCREEN3模型在大气环境管理中的应用研究

基于高斯扩散的单源估算模式SCREEN3计算佛山市环境统计企业的SO2排放最大落地浓度距离,发现全市工业企业SO2排放最大落地浓度距离为0.4~13.5 km.其中水泥和火电等高架源的最大落地浓度的距离最远.佛山市及五区纳入环境统计的重点废气排放企业平均的SO2排放最大落地浓度距离为2.9~4.9 km,能直接影响国控监测点位的企业合计37家,其中40%为高明区的企业.该结果证明加强空气质量国控监测点位周边至少5 km内废气排放企业的督查有利于空气质量的改善.     

细菌B1胞外活性物质对球形棕囊藻的溶藻机制初探

为探讨溶藻细菌B1对球形棕囊藻的溶藻作用机理及起作用的胞外活性物质的类别,研究了从珠海香洲码头赤潮海水中分离获得的溶藻细菌BI的无菌滤液对球形棕囊藻生长过程中的叶绿素a含量、丙二醛含量(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响,并对溶藻细菌B1分泌的胞外活性物质进行了初步分析.当100 mL藻液中加入1 mL的无菌滤液,除藻率达到了83％.B1无菌滤液使藻中丙二醛的含量显著上升,48 h达到最大值153％,球形棕囊藻的SOD、CAT活性在处理开始后保持下降趋势,分别在96 h、48 h达到最低值27％、33％.研究表明B1无菌滤液(不大于1 mL)对棕囊藻的溶藻效果与加入的量成正比,且主要通过降低机体中保护酶的活性和加剧膜脂质过氧化的程度等来抑制球形棕囊藻的生长;细菌B1分泌的胞外活性物质中可能含有芳香醛类且包括载有磷基团的有机物,但不含蛋白质.     

酸性矿山废水的治理技术现状及进展

酸性矿山废水(AMD)是矿山废水中危害最严重的一类废水,其产生原因和治理技术引起了广泛的重视。介绍了酸性矿山废水的主要产生原因,综述了国内外治理酸性矿山废水技术的研究现状,包括化学法、物理法、生物法、湿地法等,讨论了相关技术存在的问题,并总结了酸性矿山废水技术的新进展和发展趋势。     

我国工业固体废物的产生特征及控制对策

工业固体废物是固体废物的重要组成部分。根据我国最近10年发布的工业固体废物统计数据,全面分析了我国工业固体废物的产生特点,研究了工业固体废物产生量、利用量和处置量、工业固体废物区域和行业分布特点以及与工业产值的关系,并针对我国工业固体废物管理存在的问题,提出了相应的对策和建议。     

湿法烟气脱硫技术研究进展

SO2的污染影响了环境生态及人类的生活,已经引起了世界各国的广泛关注。介绍了国内外湿法烟气脱硫技术的工艺研究现状,讨论了相关技术存在的问题,并总结了湿法烟气脱硫技术的新进展和发展趋势,为该方法的进一步研究及工业化应用提供了参考。     

Research on the evolvement of morphology of coking coal during the coking process

The evolvement of morphology and structure of the coal with different metamorphic degrees during coking process in the vertical furnace was investigated by infrared Image detector. Moreover, the temperature distribution in the radial direction and the crack formation were also studied in heating process. The results show that the amount of crack and the shrinkage level of char decrease with the coal rank rising. In addition, the initial temperature of crack formation for char increases with the coal rank rising.     

Speciation of organic phosphorus in a sediment profile of Lake Taihu II. Molecular species and their depth attenuation

The understanding of organic phosphorus(P) dynamics in sediments requires information on their species at the molecular level,but such information in sediment profiles is scarce.A sediment profile was selected from a large eutrophic lake,Lake Taihu(China),and organic P species in the sediments were detected using solution phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(31 P NMR) following extraction of the sediments with a mixture of 0.25 mol/L NaOH and 50 mmol/L EDTA(NaOH-EDTA) solution.The results showed that P in the NaOH-EDTA extracts was mainly composed of orthophosphate,orthophosphate monoesters,phospholipids,DNA,and pyrophosphate.Concentrations of the major organic P compound groups and pyrophosphate showed a decreasing trend with the increase of depth.Their half-life times varied from 3 to 27 years,following the order of orthophosphate monoesters > phospholipids DNA > pyrophosphate.Principal component analysis revealed that the detected organic P species had binding phases similar to those of humic acid-associated organic P(NaOH-NRP HA),a labile organic P pool that tends to transform to recalcitrant organic P pools as the early diagenetic processes proceed.This demonstrated that the depth attenuation of the organic P species could be partly attributed to their increasing immobilization by the sediment solids,while their degradation rates should be significantly lower than what were suggested in previous studies.     

我国环境影响评价的制度化建设思考

在注重环境保护的社会下,在全球化追求环境利益最大化的当代社会,环境保护工作已经上升到了一个相当高的高度,我国的环境影响评价制度要与时俱进的发展,才能满足时代的更新换代,环境影响评价的制度化建设涉及到很多方面,从体制,法律,或者是制度的完整度上来看,都还存在不足之处,努力完善这项工作是解决问题的关键.     

遥感技术在环境监测中的应用研究

随着经济的发展出现了很多环境问题。遥感技术能够准确、快速的获取相关的环境信息,这已经成为现阶段我国环境监测的主要手段。本文主要对遥感技术在环境监测各个领域中的运用进行研究。