印染污泥无害化处置优化研究及生命周期评价

提出印染污泥的优化处置方案,并通过生命周期评价方法(LCA)对优化方案进行环境影响评价。结果表明:与原处置工艺相比优化后环境负荷降低了11.50%。     

绥化市水源地地下水污染特征分析及水质评价

根据2018年绥化市第一水源地13口监测井水质检测结果分析地下水污染特征,并对地下水质进行综合评价.结果表明:绥化市第一水源地取水井主要超标因子为铁、锰、氨氮,第一水源地补给区内其他取水井监测指标中铁、锰、氨氮、溶解性总固体和总硬度超标.硫酸盐、氯化物、溶解性总固体、总硬度、氟化物和磷酸盐浓度高值区均出现在垃圾填埋场,高锰酸盐指数和氨氮的高值区出现在太平岗村屯地下水井,硝酸盐高值区出现在兴发村屯地下水井.地下水污染评价结果显示污染指标主要为溶解性总固体和氨氮,分别为中污染和极重污染,主要集中有B5、B7、B8、B9、E和X1.溶解性总固体、硫酸盐、氯化物和总硬度空间分布呈相似趋势,高值区均出现在E、 X1、 B7、 B8和B9.氨氮高值区出现在X1,这可能与该处为垃圾填埋场有关.高锰酸盐指数高值区出现在E,硝酸盐氮高值区出现在B8,砷浓度的空间分布没有变化.     

混凝耦合UV/PS工艺深度处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

城市生活垃圾处理过程中所产生的垃圾渗滤液,难降解有机物、氨氮含量高,采用生物法和膜法进行垃圾渗滤液深度处理均有一定的局限性,因此关于高级氧化工艺深度处理垃圾渗滤液的研究越来越多。将UV/PS体系应用于处理垃圾渗滤液生化出水的研究中,课题组前期研究已表明单独UV/PS体系处理垃圾渗滤液的处理效率有待提高,因此先考察了单独混凝工艺处理垃圾渗滤液生化出水的最佳反应条件以及处理效果,然后将混凝工艺与UV/PS体系相耦合,研究了耦合工艺处理渗滤液生化出水的静态实验、动态运行的处理效果,实验发现耦合工艺能提高处理效果、缩短反应时间,且采用间歇运行效果最好。     

磷浓度对海洋小球藻叶绿素荧光及生长的影响

海水富营养化影响微藻生长,引起海洋初级生产力变化.以海洋小球藻(Chlorella sp.)为研究对象,研究不同磷浓度对其叶绿素荧光、细胞密度和色素含量变化的影响,以期找到海洋小球藻最适生长的磷浓度,为富营养条件下微藻生长的研究提供基础资料.结果表明,在培养温度为(22±1) ℃、光照强度为4 000 lx、光暗比为12 h:12 h条件下,不同磷浓度对海洋小球藻叶绿素荧光、细胞密度及色素含量影响显著,最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、实际光能转化效率(ΦPSⅡ)和电子传递速率(ETR)均呈先升后降的趋势,3.62 μmol/L处理组显著低于其他各组,434.52 μmol/L处理组一直处在较高水平.说明海洋小球藻的光合作用对高磷的适应范围较广,但对低磷浓度培养反应敏感.非光化学淬灭(qN)的值,3.62 μmol/L处理组高于其他各组.从细胞密度和色素含量的变化可以看出,36.21 μmol/L处理组最高,434.52、3.62 μmol/L处理组均低于36.21 μmol/L处理组.海洋小球藻生长的最适磷摩尔浓度为36.21 μmol/L.     

超声波辅助萃取-气质联用色谱法测定活性污泥中的多溴联苯醚

建立了活性污泥中多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的分析方法。活性污泥经超声波辅助萃取,用酸性硅胶、铜粉及复合硅胶柱纯化后,采用气质联用色谱(GC/MS)对7种PBDEs单体进行测定,内标法定量。结果表明,该方法具有很好的精密性和准确性,方法检测限为17～121 pg/g,加标回收率为84.5%～109.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.5%～2.8%,回收率指示物3,3’,4,4’-四溴联苯醚(BDE-77)的回收率平均值为89.2%,RSD为0.8%,能够满足活性污泥中PBDEs的测定要求。采用所建立的方法对杭州和台州的活性污泥样品进行了测定,结果显示,台州样品中PBDEs含量高于杭州样品,但两者都低于相关文献所报道的北美及欧洲国家活性污泥中PBDEs的含量。     

Analysis of a high PM10 episode observed at a coastal site nearby Shanghai, China

A high PM₁₀ episode observed at a coastal site nearby Shanghai during 18–19 January 2007 was analyzed in this study. The maximum hourly averaged PM₁₀ concentrations for the 2 days were 0.58 and 0.62 mg/m³, respectively. The meteorological condition during the episode was favorable for air pollution with large-scale stagnation. There was no dispersing effect by high wind, no scavenging function by precipitation, and no diluting process by clean marine air during the episode. The trajectories for 16–19 January all came from the northern region and kept in low levels, and during the episode peak time, from the morning of 18 to the morning of 19 January, trajectories all came from the northern inland areas and had passed over the coastal region of Jiangsu province before arriving at the site. The variation of the air pollution indexes (APIs) in the cities located in the upwind direction of the site during the episode days clearly shows a process of large-scale air pollution from north to south. The liner correlation coefficient for PM₁₀ and SO₂ concentrations is 0.774 during the episode, while for PM₁₀ and CO, it even reaches 0.995, which indicated that the high PM₁₀ was mainly emitted from the coal burning for domestic heating in winter. Therefore, the observed episode was caused by the transport of domestic heating pollutants accumulated in the boundary layer from northern continental areas.     

湿式消解法对冷原子吸收测定生物样品中汞产生的干扰

用不同的湿式消解法对多种生物样品的进行消解测定,分析了实验的干扰因素,并推荐了比较适宜的消解方法。     

Metals Associated with Suspended Sediments in Lakes Erie and Ontario, 2000–2002

Sediment traps were deployed in the three major basins of Lake Erie, and the central (Mississauga) basin of Lake Ontario, and refurbished seasonally over the period 2000–2002. In Lake Ontario, sediment down-flux rates and corresponding contaminant down-flux rates were highest in winter during periods of unstratified thermal conditions, and generally increased with depth due to the influence of resuspended bottom sediments during all sampling periods. Lake Ontario suspended sediments exhibited the highest concentrations of metals; concentrations of mercury and lead frequently exceeded guideline values for bottom sediments. Contaminant levels in Lake Ontario suspended sediments were similar to concentrations in bottom sediments in the same area. There was a spatial trend toward higher suspended sediment metals concentrations from the eastern basin to the western basin of Lake Erie, which is similar to the trend in bottom sediment contamination. In the eastern basin of Lake Erie, which is the deepest area of the lake, there was no trend in down-flux rate with depth in 2001; however, down-flux rates increased with depth in 2002. Suspended sediments in the western basin of Lake Erie were determined to be largely resuspended bottom sediments; all western basin samples collected in the study exceeded the guideline value for mercury (0.486 μg/g).     

Lysinibacillus sphaericus and Geobacillus sp Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Biosurfactant Production

Petroleum oil is a major driver of worldwide economic activity, but it has also created contamination problems during the storage and refining process. Also, unconventional resources are natural resources, which require greater than industry‐standard levels of technology or investment to exploit. In the case of unconventional hydrocarbon resources, additional technology, energy, and capital have to be applied to extract the gas or oil. Bioremediation of petroleum spill is considered of great importance due to the contaminating effects on human health and the environment. For this reason, it is important to reduce total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in contaminated soil. In addition, biosurfactant production is a desirable property of hydrocarbon‐degrading microorganisms. Seven strains belonging to Lysinibacillus sphaericus and Geobacillus sp were selected to evaluate their ability to biodegrade TPH in the presence of toxic metals, their potential to produce biosurfactants, and their ability to improve the biodegradation rate. The seven bacterial strains examined in this study were able to utilize crude petroleum‐oil hydrocarbons as the sole source of carbon and energy. In addition, their ability to degrade crude oil was not affected by the presence of toxic metals such as chromium and arsenic. At the same time, the strains were able to reduce toxic metals concentration through biosorption processes. Biosurfactant production was determined using the drop‐collapsed method for all strains, and they were characterized as both anionic and cationic biosurfactants. Biosurfactants showed an increase in biodegradation efficiency both in liquid minimal salt medium and landfarming treatments. The final results in field tests showed an efficiency of 93 percent reduction in crude oil concentration by the selected consortium compared to soil without consortium. The authors propose L. sphaericus and Geobacillus sp consortium as an optimum treatment for contaminated soils. In addition, production of biosurfactants could have an application in the extraction of crude oil from unconventional hydrocarbon resources. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Biological treatment of textile wastewater using sequencing batch reactor technology

This study was conducted to biologically treat wastewater discharged from the textile industry (textiles made of cotton and/or synthetic fiber) using sequencing batch reactor (SBR) technology (activated sludge process operating on batch mode). To achieve the objectives of the study, the characteristics of textile wastewater and the biodegradation of its organic constituents under unsteady state conditions were studied. Then, a bench-scale pilot plant was used to study the performance of SBR by monitoring the settleability and change in the constituents (chemical oxygen demand and solids) over time. Results of the study showed that textile wastewater has different types of pollutants: heat, basicity, suspended solids, organic and inorganic matter, and heavy metals. The factors affecting the biodegradation of organic matter were determined as the reaction time and the ratio of initial substrate to sludge concentrations. Also, removal of solids was monitored, and the settling velocity as affected by sludge concentration was graphically presented to enable the determination of settling time. Finally, the outcome of this study was used to suggest a procedure for the design of a full-scale SBR unit for treatment of textile wastewater.