生活垃圾中废旧塑料的二次分选技术

由于城市垃圾中塑料品种繁杂、质量差,回收利用十分困难,国内外对于垃圾中的废旧塑料回收利用甚少。通过技术比选,确定采用多种分选技术的优势组合,以风力分选-X射线分选-光电分选相结合的组合工艺技术,实现对主要塑料品种PO,PS,PVC,PET等的有效分离,以加大废旧塑料的回收利用,减少环境污染,提高资源利用效率。     

论孟子的理想人格及其对大学生素质教育的启示

孟子教育思想中的理想人格,不仅对我国教育发展有重大影响,而且对当代大学生的素质教育也有深刻的启示。从理想人格的涵义入手,分析了孟子理想人格的重要内容及其实现方式,并研究了孟子理想人格对大学生素质教育的启示。     

固相微萃取-气相色谱分析饮用水中三卤甲烷

大多数自来水厂现仍使用液氯处理作为饮用水消毒的主要技术之一,但在处理过程中会产生有致癌性的三卤甲烷,如氯仿、二氯一溴甲烷、一氯二溴甲烷和溴仿。为了对饮用水中的三卤甲烷进行研究,采用固相微萃取—气相色谱方法检测分析。研究了搅拌速度、萃取时间、萃取温度、盐含量(NaCl质量分数)和pH对萃取效果的影响,得出最佳优化条件:搅拌速度240r/min,萃取时间15min,萃取温度20℃,NaCl质量分数为20%～30%,pH=6。同时,对分析参数如线性相关性、相对标准偏差、最低检出限及保留时间进行了评价。结果表明,采用固相微萃取—气相色谱方法,拟合曲线得出,在三卤甲烷质量浓度为0.05～2.00、2.00～40.00μg/L时相关系数分别为0.9908～0.9997、0.9907～0.9971;在三卤甲烷质量浓度为5.00、20.00μg/L时,相对标准偏差分别为3.5%～7.6%、1.9%～7.3%,最低检出限为0.005～0.010μg/L;经固相微萃取后,三卤甲烷在气相色谱中的保留时间最短,在6min内。     

Spatial distribution and seasonal variation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminations in surface water from the Hun River, Northeast China

The objectives of this study were to investigate the levels, dispersion patterns, seasonal variation, and sources of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (16 EPA-PAHs) in the Hun River of Liaoning Province, China. Samples of surface water were collected from upstream to downstream locations, and also from the main tributaries of the Hun River in dry period, flood period, and level period, respectively. After appropriate preparation, all samples were analyzed for 16 EPA-PAHs. Total PAHs concentrations varied from 124.55 to 439.27 ng l^?1 in surface water in dry period, 1,615.75 to 5,270.04 ng l^?1 in flood period, and 2,247.42 to 7,767.9 ng l^?1 in level period. The 16 EPA-PAHs concentrations were significantly increased in the order of level period > flood period > dry period. The composition pattern of PAHs in surface water was dominated by low molecular weight PAHs, in particular two- to three-ring PAHs. In addition, two-ring PAH accounted for 39.33 to 88.27 % of the total PAHs in level period. Low molecular weight PAHs predomination together with higher levels of PAHs in flood and level period suggested a relatively recent local source of PAHs. Special PAHs ratios such as phenanthrene/anthracene and fluoranthene/pyrene indicated that under dry weather season conditions, the PAHs found in surface water were primarily from petrogenic source, while under wet weather season conditions they were from mixed source of both petrogenic inputs and combustion sources. The comparison of PAHs contamination among different types of areas in China suggested that atmospheric depositions might be the most important approaches of PAHs into water system. Although the Hun River exists low PAHs ecological risk now, potential toxic effects will be existed in the future especially in flood and level period.     

Estimation of Vegetation Coverage in Semi-arid Sandy Land Based on Multivariate Statistical Modeling Using Remote Sensing Data

The estimation of vegetation coverage is essential in the monitoring and management of arid and semi-arid sandy lands. But how to estimate vegetation coverage and monitor the environmental change at global and regional scales still remains to be further studied. Here, combined with field vegetation survey, multispectral remote sensing data were used to estimate coverage based on theoretical statistical modeling. First, the remote sensing data were processed and several groups of spectral variables were selected/proposed and calculated, and then statistically correlated to measured vegetation coverage. Both the single- and multiple-variable-based models were established and further analyzed. Among all single-variable-based models, that is based on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index showed the highest R (0.900) and R ² (0.810) as well as lowest standard estimate error (0.128024). Since the multiple-variable-based model using multiple stepwise regression analysis behaved much better, it was determined as the optimal model for local coverage estimation. Finally, the estimation was conducted based on the optimal model and the result was cross-validated. The coefficient of determination used for validation was 0.867 with a root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of 0.101. The large-scale estimation of vegetation coverage using statistical modeling based on remote sensing data can be helpful for the monitoring and controlling of desertification in arid and semi-arid regions. It could serve for regional ecological management which is of great significance.     

Protected area governance in Sweden: new modes of governance or business as usual?

This paper explores whether ambitions to open up the traditional Swedish model of top-down conservation methods to local influences are indicative of an actual transition in governance of Swedish national park policy (NPP), and examines whether such a shift entails an increase in local influence over local interests and needs. Methodologically, we analyse a combination of governance types and incorporate theoretical definitions of power and accountability. The establishment of new governance arrangements – where power is shared, interactions promoted and accountability is directed downwards – indicates that Sweden's NPP is undergoing a change in its mode of governance. This change also seems to include ceding some influence to local interests, and the possibility of combining conservation with the utilisation of certain natural resources. The results of our research also provide valuable insights into when the establishment of shared-governance arrangements are likely to succeed; in short, this seems more likely when there are established sectors sited in a robust legal framework and where strong international commitments potentially play a role. In conclusion, we contend that when seeking diversified governance arrangements it is not enough simply to take local practices and customs into consideration – they have to be strengthened.     

苏里格气田回注水污染防治措施

气田污水处理后回注地层是保证气田有效开发、防止污染的有效途径。文章介绍了苏里格气田在污水回注方面通过设计、施工、运行三个阶段所采取的选择安全回注地层、优化井身结构等各种防止污染措施,有力的保护了地下水资源。     

偶氮二甲酰胺发泡剂清洁生产评价模型

提出了针对不同工艺的偶氮二甲酰胺（ADC）发泡剂生产企业的清洁生产综合评价方案。利用逐层序关系分析法确定各指标的影响因子,采用极差标准化法对正逆向指标数据进行初步处理,使用主成分分析法对ADC发泡剂生产企业进行排名。该研究为ADC发泡剂清洁生产评价提供了一个更加客观和精确的方案。     

Physiological and biochemical responses of rice seeds to phosphine exposure during germination

Rice seeds (Tianyou, 3618) were used to examine the physiological and biochemical responses to phosphine exposure during germination. A control (0 mg m⁻³) and four concentrations of phosphine (1.4 mg m⁻³, 4.2 mg m⁻³, 7.0 mg m⁻³ and 13.9 mg m⁻³) were used to treat the rice seeds. Each treatment was applied for 90 min once per day for five days. The germination rate (GR); germination potential (GP); germination index (GI); antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT); and lipid peroxidation measured through via malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined as indicators of the physiological and biochemical responses of the rice seeds to phosphine exposure. These indicators were determined once per day for five days. The results indicated that the GR, GP and GI of the rice seeds markedly decreased after phosphine exposure. The changes in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes due to the phosphine exposure were also significant. The exposure lowered the CAT and SOD activities and increased POD activity in the treated rice seeds compared with controls. The MDA content exhibited a slow increase trend with the increase of phosphine concentration. These results suggest that phosphine has inhibitory effects on seed germination. In addition, phosphine exposure caused oxidative stress in the seeds. The antioxidant enzymes could play a pivotal role against oxidative injury. Overall, the effect of phosphine on rice seeds is different from what has been reported previously for insects and mammals.     

城市燃气管道地震安全控制演示系统

介绍了一种用于展示城市燃气管道地震安全控制系统工作机理和控制效果的演示系统。对演示系统地震阀门的原理和性能作了阐述,对演示系统的组成、工作原理和效果做了较为详细的介绍。该系统可用于科普场馆或相关单位介绍城市燃气管道地震紧急处置的原理,系统已在唐山市地震博物馆安装应用。