地震救援行动的影响因素分析

从探讨救援行动的概念和响应过程出发,在分析国内外相关资料的基础上,结合我国的实际情况,分析了影响地震救援行动的方面和因素,以及它们对救援行动可能产生的影响,以期为地震救援的理论和实践提供有益的补充。     

Post-flooding disaster crop diversity recovery: a case study of Cowpea in Mozambique

To restore food security to a traditional African cropping system following a sudden loss of seed, genetic diversity must be re-established. This study examines the extent to which Cowpea diversity was reinstated two years after a flood disaster in Gaza Province, Mozambique. The contribution that seed from various sources made to the recovery was assessed using semi-structured interviews and morphological and molecular data. Data suggest that diversity had recovered to some extent yet there was evidence of a narrowing of the genetic base, with fewer rare alleles and differences in the distribution of allele frequencies. Although the main channels for accessing seed after the flood were seed relief and markets, these sources contributed to minimal and different diversity. It appears that diversity was regained primarily through social networking in the form of loans or gifts of seed from friends and relatives. The results of the study are discussed in relation to seed relief approaches.     

国外资源型城市发展与转型研究综述

资源型城市的建设与发展是一个世界性的普遍问题.目前我国资源型城市的持续、健康发展已成为全社会共同关注的焦点.为借鉴国外相关领域最新理论研究和实践经验,促进我国资源型城市的转型与可持续发展,本文以国外资源型城市研究中引用率较高的文献作为主要参考,结合一些新近发表的相关论著,对国外资源型城市发展与转型研究进行了系统的总结和分析.结果表明:国外资源型城市研究经历了理论奠基与初步发展、理论规范性研究、转型研究和可持续发展研究四个阶段,各阶段在研究背景、研究内容、理论基础、研究重点等方面具有不同的特点.进而开展国内外资源型城市研究的对比分析,发现它们在资源型城市的定义和范畴、城市特征、企业与城市关系,以及研究领域和研究传统、研究手段和研究方法等方面存在联系与差异.最后提出应从完善研究内容、改进研究方法等方面出发,构建符合我国国情和资源型城市特征的资源型城市发展与转型研究方法和理论框架.     

面向未来污水处理技术应用研究现状及工程实践

目前全球面临巨大能源、水污染及资源危机,传统污水处理技术已无法满足可持续发展需求,实现能源自给、污水再生及资源回收的新型污水处理技术是未来水厂重要实施路径.污水处理厂实现能源自给的关键一是"开源",即高效回收污水中有机物化学能、低品位热能,并利用外源有机物厌氧共消化、太阳能、风能等技术开发能源;二是"节流",即利用高效...     

Responses of alkaline phosphatase activity to wind-driven waves in a large, shallow lake: Implications for phosphorus availability and algal blooms

Phosphorus is a vital nutrient for algal growth, thus, a better understanding of phosphorus availability is essential to mitigate harmful algal blooms in lakes. Wind waves are a ubiquitous characteristic of lake ecosystems. However, its effects on the cycling of organic phosphorus and its usage by phytoplankton remain poorly elucidated in shallow eutrophic lakes. A mesocosm experiment was carried out to investigate the responses of alkaline phosphatase activity fractions to wind waves in large, shallow, eutrophic Lake Taihu. Results showed that wind-driven waves induced the release of alkaline phosphatase and phosphorus from the sediment, and dramatically enhanced phytoplanktonic alkaline phosphatase activity. However, compared to the calm conditions, bacterial and dissolved alkaline phosphatase activity decreased in wind-wave conditions. Consistently, the gene copies of Microcystis phoX increased but bacterial phoX decreased under wind-wave conditions. The ecological effects of these waves on phosphorus and phytoplankton likely accelerated the biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus and promoted phytoplankton production in Lake Taihu. This study provides an improved current understanding of phosphorus availability and the phosphorus strategies of plankton in shallow, eutrophic lakes.     

Occurrence of perchlorate in rice from different areas in the Republic of Korea

Perchlorate concentrations in rice samples from many different provinces, and correlation with surface water contamination, were investigated in the Republic of Korea. Perchlorate levels in the 51 rice samples purchased from local markets ranged from below the detection limit to 1.79?±?0.39 μg/kg with a mean level of 0.21 μg/kg and 7 samples collected from the Nakdong River watershed ranged from 0.38?±?0.1 to 3.23?±?0.47 μg/kg with a mean level of 0.9 μg/kg. The correlation coefficient between perchlorate levels in rice samples from the Nakdong river watershed and the levels in surface water was estimated to be approximately 0.904 in the 95 % confidence interval. These results show that surface water contamination was highly related to the perchlorate pollution of rice in the Republic of Korea.     

三叶鬼针草生物量分配与化感作用对大气温度升高的响应

全球气候变暖已经成为不容置疑的事实,同时外来入侵植物对入侵地的生态环境造成严重的危害,外来入侵植物可能对温度升高做出积极地响应。文章研究了不同温度(22、26和30℃)处理对入侵植物三叶鬼针草(Bidens pilosa L.)种子萌发、幼苗生物量分配及化感作用的影响,探讨三叶鬼针草对全球气候变暖的响应策略。结果表明;温度为22和26℃比30℃有利于三叶鬼针草种子的萌发。温度升高显著增加三叶鬼针草的株高、生物量和叶面积,三叶鬼针草幼苗增加对茎和叶的生物量投资。同时相同浓度的三叶鬼针草水浸提液对马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis(L.)Scop)和牛筋草(Eleusine indica(L.)Gaertn)的化感作用随着温度升高而增强。研究表明:温度升高促进了三叶鬼针草的生长,改变生物量分配模式同时增强了对受体植物的化感作用。温度升高可能是促进三叶鬼针草入侵的生态环境因子之一,未来全球气温变暖可能使其入侵加剧。     

南京理工大学高压实验室及其研制高压水射流切割机

南京理工大学高压实验室自８０年代初建立以来，在高压容器及武器发射管的自紧理论和工程应用、高压零部件研制、高压传感器和信号放大显示系统、高压介质等方面做了大量的工作。９３年以来，进行了水射流切割机的研制工作，解决了超高压缸体的动态密封、高压缸体的自增强、无触点式换向传感器、内衬不锈钢组合型高压容器等诸多问题，试制成功了水射流切割机样机。