流动注射在线UV消解测定环境水体中的总氮研究

采用San++流动分析仪在线UV消解测定环境水体中的总氮,样品浓度在0.00~5.0 mg/L与峰高有良好的线性关系(r=0.999 6)。进行了标准样品考核和实际水样的流动注射法和国标方法的比对分析。实验结果表明:采用流动注射在线消解测定水中TN,其标样测定值均在保证值范围内,相对标准偏差小于3%;两种方法测定实际水样的结果无显著性差异且具有很好的一致性,加标回收实验的回收率在90.0%~97.7%之间,能满足地表水及排放废水中TN监测要求。     

浅析海洋环境影响评价的公众参与方法研究

海洋环境影响评价中的公众参与是海洋工程建设项目过程的重要内容,公众参与的具体实施方法和过程决定了公众参与的有效性,公众参与的相关信息反馈到项目建设的环境保护中,才能达到经济、社会、环境效益的协调和统一。文章对海洋环境影响评价公众参与过程中的对象及调查方法以及公众参与的具体实践方式,公众参与的信息发布方式和调查问卷内容,公众意见汇总及信息反馈等进行分析并提出建议,通过对海洋环境影响评价的公众参与实施具体方法进行讨论,为推动环境影响评价公众参与制度的科学化、规范化提供支持。     

Effect of plant harvest on methane emission from two constructed wetlands designed for the treatment of wastewater

The emission of methane from two constructed wetlands [a free water surface flow system (FWS) and a subsurface flow system (SF)], constructed for the treatment of waste water, was evaluated at different sites inhabited by reeds (Phragmites communis), to test the effects of plant harvest. High methane emission was recorded immediately after harvesting in both wetlands. Several days after harvesting, the emission decreased in the FWS but remained high in the SF. The variation was significantly influenced by temperature, with lower emission and higher dissolved CH(4) in water occurring at lower temperatures. Both the emission and concentration of dissolved CH(4) were also influenced significantly by water quality, wetland design, level of stalk butt left above the water level, etc. The methane flux was explained on the basis of rizhospheric methanogenic and methanotrophic microbial populations. FISH analysis indicated the presence of Type A and Type B methanotrophs in both wetlands, and the methane flux was directly influenced by the quantitative variation in methanogenic and methanotrophic bacteria in both wetlands.     

淮南矿业集团建设环境友好企业的探索

介绍淮南矿业集团近年来创建环境友好企业的基本做法,通过在积极推进市矿统筹,建设生态和谐矿区;构建循环经济产业链,促进资源综合利用;强化环保全过程管理,落实污染防治及减排等方面的有效工作,促进了经济建设与区域环境协调发展。     

Prenatal diagnosis and management of twin pregnancies complicated by a co-existing molar pregnancy

Recent advances in ultrasound and molecular genetics have increased our understanding and hence enhanced the perinatal management of complete and partial hydatidiform mole. By contrast, the management of a twin pregnancy combining a normal pregnancy with a normal fetus and a complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) remains complex and controversial due to conflicting data from different parts of the world. The aim of this review is to analyse the international literature on twin pregnancies that include a mole, present the complications and outcome of pregnancy and to discuss the perinatal management. Management is complicated and women should be counselled about the maternal and fetal complications, and the pregnancy monitored carefully by a perinatal team with experience in high-risk obstetrics and access to neonatal care. The data reviewed here suggest that a woman who decides to continue with the pregnancy including a CHM must be aware that, overall, she only has a one in four chance of live birth and in around 35% of cases she will develop persistent trophoblastic disease (PTD) after delivery. In ongoing pregnancies, there will be, in at least 20% of the cases, an early onset of pre-eclampsia (PET) and a 29% risk of fetal loss due to late miscarriage, intrauterine death and neonatal death. Maternal serum human chorionic gonadotrophin (MShCG) could be useful in predicting outcome in twin pregnancy combining normal pregnancy and CHM, but this needs to be investigated prospectively. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

对产业生态系统规模经济特征的研究

由于废物和副产品成为主要生产原料，产业生态系统在规模经济性方面表现出了与传统产业系统的不同。本文分析了影响产业生态系统规模经济性的5大因素：废料作为原材料的主要来源；以可更新能源替代化石能源；经济活动主体之间大量的物质交流；与周围环境在物质输入输出上保持平衡；信息不对称明显阻碍废物和回收市场的动作。这些因素导致了产业生态系统与传统产业系统在边际成本上的差异，即边际成本并不是随着规模的增加而降低的。论文指出，产业生态系统具有适度规模经济特征，在生产聚焦和生活聚居上表现出小规模化的趋势，表现为相对较小的空间分布和相对局限的生产规模。这样的规模对于处理分散的、高熵值的资源和能源与集约化生产和消费模式之间的矛盾有相当的灵活性。论文最后对进一步开展研究的方向和内容提出了建议。     

粉煤灰负载壳聚糖对磷吸附的热力学研究

以粉煤灰负载壳聚糖作为吸附剂,在静态吸附条件下,研究了其对磷的吸附行为,并对吸附过程的热力学进行了分析。结果表明,吸附平衡数据都能够较好地符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程,但Langmuir方程能够更好地描述吸附等温线。在20～35℃范围内,磷在粉煤灰负载壳聚糖上的吸附是一个吸热过程,反应的吉布斯自由能变小,同时伴随着熵值的增加,吸附焓变为44.36 kJ/mol。     

Fluroxypyr biodegradation in soils by multiple factors

Fluroxypyr (4-amino-3,5-dichloro-6-fluoro-2-pyridinyl-1-methylheptyl ester) is a widely used herbicide for controlling weeds, fungi, and insects. However, extensive use of the herbicide has led to its high accumulation in ecosystems and contamination to soils and crops. Environmental behaviors and fate of herbicides are dependent on many physiochemical and biological factors. Whether fluroxypyr is significantly affected and how it is degraded under the environmental conditions is largely unknown. The present study investigated the effects of soil microbe, soil type, dissolved organic matter (DOM), temperature, soil moisture, and surfactant on fluroxypyr degradation in soils. Application of DOM derived from sludge and straw to fluroxypyr-contaminated soils increased degradation of fluroxypyr. Environmental factors such as temperature, moisture, soil microbe and soil type could affect the rate of fluroxypyr dissipation. Also, the microorganism affected the degradation of fluroxypyr. Analysis by gas chromatography-mass revealed that the reaction in soils might include the removal of 1-methylheptyl ester to generate fluroxypyr acid (4-amino-3,5-dichloro-6-fluoro-2-pyridiny). Our results provided initial data that a set of biological and physiochemical factors coordinately regulates the decay of fluroxypyr in soils.