Eco-industrial parks: national pilot practices in China

China has rapidly developed a number of Eco-industrial parks (EIPs) in recent years. In order to promote and regulate their development, two government agencies, the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the National Development and Reform Commission are currently engaged in promoting national pilot EIP programs. Both agencies have developed their own management systems, and 60 industrial parks have been approved for construction of national pilot EIPs, among which six parks appear in both lists of the two agencies. This article introduces the practice of the national pilot EIPs. It first describes the management systems and achievements within the two programs, and then summarizes the problems encountered thus far in program implementation. Finally it proposes brief suggestions for future development of EIPs.     

A CRAZY IDEA ON URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT?1

ABSTRACT. High percentage of imperviousness in the city is the source of storm runoff. Roof area contributes significantly to the imperviousness. An attempt to make use of roofs as urban flood control device and water conservation measure is advocated. Two different schemes, one for built-up industrial-commercial area, the other for residential area, are suggested. The former utilizes the roof as detention reservoir for flood control, the latter employs recharge pit to convert runoff into ground water resource. The proposed schemes are not only hydrologically, hydraulically and structurally sound but also economically feasible. It is worth considering in the future planning of urban renewal and urban development.     

Effects of organic acids on copper and cadmium desorption from contaminated soils

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of organic acids on Cd and Cu desorption from natural contaminated soils (NCS) with permanent contamination by metal smelters and from artificial contaminated soils (ACS) derived from an artificial amendment of Cd to three representative zonal soils in Central China. Results showed that the desorption of Cd in either NCS or ACS, with the increment of tartrate or citrate concentration in desorption solution, can be characterized as a valley-like curve. The presence of tartrate or citrate at a low concentration (< or =0.5 mmol/l) inhibited Cd desorption from these two types of soils, whereas the presence of organic acids at high concentrations (> or =2 mmol/l for citrate and about > or =15 mmol/l for tartrate) apparently promoted Cd desorption. The desorption curve of Cu by tartrate solution with different tartrate concentrations can also be characterized as a valley-like curve, while the desorption of Cu in the presence of citrate was directly enhanced with the increment of citrate concentration. With the enhancement of initial pH value from 2 to 8 in the presence of citrate, Cu desorption ratio decreased at the first stage, then increased, and then decreased again. A valley and a peak sequentially appeared in the Cd or Cu desorption curve with initial pH value increment. Compared with citrate, the desorption ratio of Cd or Cu from NCS or ACS was directly decreased in the presence of tartrate, with the enhancement of the pH value from 2 to 8. Cd or Cu desorption was clearly enhanced when the electrolyte concentration of KNO3 or KCl increased in the presence of 2 mmol/l tartrate. Moreover, a higher desorption ratio of Cd or Cu was shown with KCl electrolyte than with KNO3 electrolyte with the same concentration. Based on these observations, we suggest that bioavailabilities of heavy metal can be promoted with selected suitable types and concentrations of organic acid amendment and reasonable field condition.     

赣中南柑橘果实生长发育规律与栽培技术关系

通过果实体积的累积生长量,日均生长速度和相对生长速率三个指标的测定。可得到各类果实生长的“Ｓ”形曲线。生长呈三个时期,第一期为细胞分裂期,这个时期,生长速度较慢,而相对生长速率最高,是是实生长能力最高阶段;第二期为细胞膨大期,生长速度最快时期,而相对生长速率则呈下降趋势;第三期为成熟期,日均生长速度和相对生长速率都是低速和稳定时期。主要内部生理变化,柑橘各类果 个指标各异,此外,果实生长过程中,有     

Groundwater monitoring plans at small-scale sites--an innovative spatial and temporal methodology

An innovative methodology for improving existing groundwater monitoring plans at small-scale sites is presented. The methodology consists of three stand-alone methods: a spatial redundancy reduction method, a well-siting method for adding new sampling locations, and a sampling frequency determination method. The spatial redundancy reduction method eliminates redundant wells through an optimization process that minimizes the errors in plume delineation and the average plume concentration estimation. The well-siting method locates possible new sampling points for an inadequately delineated plume via regression analysis of plume centerline concentrations and estimation of plume dispersivity values. The sampling frequency determination method recommends the future frequency of sampling for each sampling location based on the direction, magnitude, and uncertainty of the concentration trend derived from representative historical concentration data. Although the methodology is designed for small-scale sites, it can be easily adopted for large-scale site applications. The proposed methodology is applied to a small petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated site with a network of 12 monitoring wells to demonstrate its effectiveness and validity.     

关于挥发酚测定中有关问题的探讨

本文对在挥发酚测定中，通过提纯显色剂纯度及控制去离子水的电导率，以达到降低测定空白值的目的，提出了较新的见解。     

流动注射微波在线消解分光光度法测定水中总磷

利用微波在线消解水样,将流动注射分析技术与分光光度法检测相结合,建立一种在线测定水中总磷的快速分析方法。通过对实验条件的优化,分析速率达36个/小时,检出限0.015mg/L,线性范围为0~2.0mg/L,对0.634mg/L总磷标准溶液测定11次的相对标准偏差为1.0%。应用于环境水样的测定,结果令人满意。     

塔城市奥布森生态区建设的效益分析及建议

通过介绍塔城市奥布森生态区建设及其产生效益的情况，提出了一些改善生态环境的建议，对塔城的社会经济与生态建设的可持续发展有一定的指导意义。     

氯气测定方法的讨论

从氯气分析标准曲线出现异常入手，通过试验，将标准曲线绘制步骤略加改动，克服了砾方法曲线的拐点和相关关系数低等弱点，曲线通过原点，相关系数提高到０．９９９以上。     

重金属铅,镉,锌对小麦DNA构象的影响

采用紫外吸收谱法，研究了不同浓度铅，镉，锌对小麦ＤＮＡ构象的影响。结果显示重金属铅，镉，锌均可影响小麦ＤＮＡ构象，使其紫外吸收峰值发生变化。其中，铅离子对小麦ＤＮＡ构象影响最大，５０μｇ／ｍｌ＾ｐｂ＾２＋处理使小麦出现明显减色反应，１０００μｇ／ｍｌｐｂ＾２＋处理使其沉淀析出；镉离子对小麦ＤＮＡ构象影响不大，可使其产生轻微减色反应，低浓度锌离子使小麦ＤＮＡ发生增色反应，而高浓度使小麦ＤＮＡ发生减色