水中痕量亚当氏剂和二苯胺的固相微萃取方法研究

研究了固相微萃取(SPME)-高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定水样中痕量亚当氏剂和二苯胺的分析方法.对SPME的条件如萃取纤维、萃取时间、萃取温度、离子强度、解吸方式、解吸溶剂、解吸时间进行了优化,并用于地下水等实际水样的分析.SPME优化的条件为:选用60μmPDMS/DVB萃取纤维在室温25℃下直接萃取60min,磁力搅拌速度为1100r.min-1,然后萃取纤维在解吸室内静态解吸9min后进行HPLC分析.液相色谱分离条件为ZORBAXSBC18柱(4.6mmi.d.×250mm,5.0μm),流动相为甲醇-水(70:30,V/V),流速为1.0ml.min-1,二极管阵列检测器波长为280nm.方法线性范围为0.005mg.l-1—0.5mg.l-1(R>0.99),两种物质的检出限(S/N=3)分别为0.003mg.l-1和0.002mg.l-1.加标回收率分别在89.6%—100.4%和97.5%—100.1%(n=5)之间,相对平均标准偏差(RSD)分别在4.5%—6.2%和3.8%—6.7%之间.该方法快速、简便,无需使用有机溶剂,适于水样中痕量物质的分析.     

Prenatal diagnosis and management of twin pregnancies complicated by a co-existing molar pregnancy

Recent advances in ultrasound and molecular genetics have increased our understanding and hence enhanced the perinatal management of complete and partial hydatidiform mole. By contrast, the management of a twin pregnancy combining a normal pregnancy with a normal fetus and a complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) remains complex and controversial due to conflicting data from different parts of the world. The aim of this review is to analyse the international literature on twin pregnancies that include a mole, present the complications and outcome of pregnancy and to discuss the perinatal management. Management is complicated and women should be counselled about the maternal and fetal complications, and the pregnancy monitored carefully by a perinatal team with experience in high-risk obstetrics and access to neonatal care. The data reviewed here suggest that a woman who decides to continue with the pregnancy including a CHM must be aware that, overall, she only has a one in four chance of live birth and in around 35% of cases she will develop persistent trophoblastic disease (PTD) after delivery. In ongoing pregnancies, there will be, in at least 20% of the cases, an early onset of pre-eclampsia (PET) and a 29% risk of fetal loss due to late miscarriage, intrauterine death and neonatal death. Maternal serum human chorionic gonadotrophin (MShCG) could be useful in predicting outcome in twin pregnancy combining normal pregnancy and CHM, but this needs to be investigated prospectively. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A CRAZY IDEA ON URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT?1

ABSTRACT. High percentage of imperviousness in the city is the source of storm runoff. Roof area contributes significantly to the imperviousness. An attempt to make use of roofs as urban flood control device and water conservation measure is advocated. Two different schemes, one for built-up industrial-commercial area, the other for residential area, are suggested. The former utilizes the roof as detention reservoir for flood control, the latter employs recharge pit to convert runoff into ground water resource. The proposed schemes are not only hydrologically, hydraulically and structurally sound but also economically feasible. It is worth considering in the future planning of urban renewal and urban development.     

论劳动保护监察的基本程序

简述了劳动保护及其监察过程 ,系统地分析了各类劳动保护监察过程的具体步骤 ,也就是监察准备、监督检查、监察处理、行政制裁和申请司法干预五个阶段     

Effects of Spartina alterniflora invasion on quality of the red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis) wintering habitat

The core zone of the Yancheng National Natural Reserve (YNNR) in China is the largest wintering habitat of red-crowned cranes (cranes) in the world. However, the invasion of Spartina alterniflora (S. alterniflora) not only changed the original landscape structure of the wetlands but also impacted the cranes’ habitats in the YNNR. In this paper, field investigation data and landscape pattern indices were used to analyze the effects of the S. alterniflora invasion on the habitat quality of wintering cranes. The results indicate that the seep weed (Suaeda salsa) in the natural wetland and the common reed (Phragmites australis) in the managed wetland both provide suitable habitats for cranes. However, the cranes prefer the natural wetland more. The explosive growth of S. alterniflora in the natural area has led to a significant reduction of the cranes’ habitat. The area of crane habitat decreased from 52.07 km² in 2000 to 22.36 km² in 2015. As a result of the S. alterniflora invasion, the benthic biomass has declined, which has negatively impacted the quantity and structure of the food utilized by the cranes. This study has both theoretical and practical significance and provides a scientific basis for protecting the wintering habitat of the red-crowned cranes.

     

基于能值分析的价值型水资源资产负债表编制

水资源在社会经济发展中的重要性逐渐显著,强化水资源综合管理是当今世界各国实现水资源可持续利用的重要途径。目前针对水资源资产负债表的基本表式、相关概念、核算方法还存在一定争议,研制水资源资产负债表,实物核算是基础,价值核算是目标。水资源价值化方法是水资源资产负债表编制的关键和难点,这一问题一直制约水资源的价值认同及其纳入国民经济核算的可行性和准确性。按照水资源负债表核算基本原理,遵循"水资源资产-水资源负债=水资源资产净值"编制思路,构建反映经济社会用水导致的水资源过度消耗、水环境损害以及生态用水挤占的水资源资产负债表。在水资源实物量资产负债表编制的基础上,根据水文循环和水资源自身特性,通过能值分析方法,把水资源多用途转换成同一标准的能值进行定量化价值研究,从而在一定程度上改进或弥补水资源价值测算方法存在的判断标准差异的不足,尝试在一张表中实现水量和水质统一核算,从水资源、水环境、水生态三方面阐明经济体对环境体产生的水资源价值量债权关系。结果表明:成都市2015年水资源耗减量不存在负债,但水环境损害和水生态用水挤占分别存在1.52亿元和1.15亿元负债,这为水资源有偿使用和水生态保护和补偿提供了依据,为真正实现编制价值型水资源资产负债表提供了新的思路和方法。     

日光辐照H_2O_2-草酸铁氧化法处理棉浆粕废水

采用日光辐照H_2O_2-草酸铁氧化法处理棉浆粕废水.最佳工艺条件为:正午日光辐照10 min,废水pH5.00,废水体积150 mL,H_2O_2加入量2.0 mL,Fe_SO_4·7H_2O加入量0.600 0 g,K_2C_2O_4·H_2O加入量0.290 9 g.在此条件下COD由初始时的3 200 mg/L降至608 mg/L,COD去除率可达81.0%.采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对处理前后的废水进行分析,实验结果表明该法可有效去除废水中大部分有机污染物.     

近50年华北平原干热风时空分布特征

干热风是影响华北平原冬小麦生长发育及产量形成的重大农业气象灾害之一,利用华北平原48个站点1961-2008年的逐日气象资料,分析了近50年来各站点的干热风(高温低湿型/雨后青枯型)日数及区域分异规律,结果表明:就地理空间而言,华北平原干热风日数总体上呈现中部高南北低的分布趋势;在发生时间上,除南部个别地区有增加的趋势外,大部分区域干热风日数呈明显的递减趋势。进一步的分类研究则表明:高温低湿型的与干热风总体时空分布趋势相近,而雨后青枯型虽然也呈下降趋势,但下降幅度远小于干热风总体情况,并且在南部、西北部日数反而呈现增加趋势。了解干热风的时空分布特征,可为进一步建立干热风监测预警模式奠定一定的理论和应用基础,并可为当地农业生产决策提供参考。     

Biota-sediment accumulation factors for Dechlorane Plus in bottom fish from an electronic waste recycling site, South China

Biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) for Dechlorane Plus (DP), a highly chlorinated flame retardant, were determined in three bottom fish species, i.e., crucian carp, mud carp, and northern snakehead from an electronic waste recycling site in South China. The average BSAFs are 0.007, 0.01, and 0.06 for syn-DP, and 0.003, 0.025, and 0.001 for anti-DP in crucian carp, mud carp, and northern snakehead, respectively, suggesting low bioaccumulation potential of DP isomers in these fish. However, the bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) determined previously in the same sample set indicated that both DP isomers were highly bioaccumulative (BAFs>5000) in most of the samples. This implies that BSAF values may be inherently inconsistent affecting their reliability as a bioaccumulation indicator. The BSAFs for DP isomers are two orders of magnitude lower than those (average of 0.43-2.28) for extremely hydrophobic polychlorinated biphenyls (CBs 199, 203, 207 and 208), but are comparable to those (average of 0.0001-0.009) for decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209) determined in the same sample set. Despite of the different chemical structures of the three compound classes, significantly negative correlations between logarithm of octanol-water partition coefficients (log K(OW)s) and BSAFs of these chemicals were found, indicating that hydrophobicity is one of the key factors influencing the bioaccumulation of these compounds.     

壳聚糖改性生物炭的制备及其对水溶液中Cd2+的吸附机制

以猕猴桃枝为原料,壳聚糖作为胺基表面改性剂,制备了一种绿色环保、对环境中重金属有良好吸附效果的功能性生物炭材料.采用批量吸附实验研究了改性前后生物炭的吸附性能.借助SEM-EDS、FTIR 和XPS表征方法,分析了改性前后生物炭的形貌结构和官能团变化,探究了其对溶液中Cd²⁺的吸附机制.结果表明,改性后的生物炭表面,引入了羟基（—OH）、羰基（—C=O）和氨基（—NH₂）等基团,显著提高了吸附性能,对Cd²⁺的吸附量较改性前增加107.12%.Lagergren准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附方程能较好地描述吸附过程,说明吸附速率由材料表面活性位点决定,吸附过程以化学吸附为主.对Cd²⁺的吸附机制主要是配位作用、表面沉淀作用、离子交换作用和阳离子—π键作用,吸附过程为自发的吸热过程.经过5次吸附-解吸循环后,改性后生物炭对Cd²⁺的吸附容量仍保持在初始吸附量的80%以上,表现出良好的可重复利用性.研究成果体现绿色化学的理念,所制备的壳聚糖改性生物炭可应用于镉污染水体和土壤的修复.