Levels of PCDD/FS in ambient air and soil in the vicinity of a municipal solid waste incinerator in Hsinchu

Levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were determined in twenty-one ambient air samples, eight soil samples and two stack gas samples, collected near or in a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) in Hsinchu, Taiwan. A systematic decrease of PCDD/Fs in the ambient air from the northeastern area was observed. PCDD/Fs levels measured in the ambient air range from 0.058 to 0.127 pg-TEQ/m3. Higher PCDD/Fs levels in the ambient air were found during winter. In addition, PCDD/Fs levels measured in the soil range from 0.524 to 5.02 pg-TEQ/g d.m. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) did not provide sufficient evidence that the environmental PCDD/Fs contamination was caused by emissions from the Hsinchu MSWI. An unknown PCDD/Fs source was proposed using congener profile analysis and supported by both PCA and HCA.     

Estimation of metal and organochlorine pesticide exposures and potential health threat by consumption of oysters in Taiwan

Pollutant concentrations detected in oysters from 12 different culture areas of Taiwan (especially for the Hsiangshan area and the Machu Islands) from 1991-98 were evaluated to investigate potential carcinogenic (inorganic As and organochlorine pesticides) and non-carcinogenic (Cu, Zn, Cd and inorganic As) risk to the public from ingestion of the oysters. The highest geometric mean (GM) Cu and Zn concentrations of 1108 (range 113-2806) and 1567 (range 303-3593) microg/g dry weight were obtained in oysters from the Hsiangshan coastal area. The maximum GM Cd and As concentrations of 6.82 and 19.3 microg/g dry weight were found in oysters from the Machu Islands area. The p,p'-DDE values range from not detectable in Penghu Islands' oysters to 164 ng/g dry weight in Machu Islands' oysters. The highest tDDT (sum of p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDT) concentrations of 337 and 340 ng/g dry weight were found in oysters from Kimmen and Machu Islands, respectively. A calculated target hazard quotient (THQ; daily intake/reference dose) of 11.4 (based on 139 g oysters/day) for Cu caused by consuming oysters from the Hsiangshan area is higher than that from other areas (range 0.124-5.95). The highest average Cu intake from Hsiangshan's oysters for individuals is 11.4 times (i.e. THQ=11.4) more than that of reference dose (40 microg/kg/day). However, the maximum THQ values for Cd and As caused by consuming oysters collected from the Machu Islands were 5.57 and 2.63 for Cd and As, respectively. Generally, the results of THQ showed that if only the maximally exposed individuals were considered, the value of 65.4% for oyster was higher than 1.0 in comparison with reference dose. All cancer risk estimates for inorganic As from consuming oysters were higher than 10(-6) (range from 128x10(-6) to 509x10(-6) for maximally exposed individuals and range from 17.1x10(-6) to 68.0x10(-6) for typically exposed individuals, respectively); that is the risk of the lower end of the range of acceptable risk. The highest risk estimate for inorganic As was 509x10(-6) for consumption of oysters by Machu Islands' residents. The lifetime cancer risks of 19.0x10(-6) for tDDT by consuming oysters from the Machu Islands was higher than those from the Penghu Islands (0.37x10(-6)). Therefore, the sum of lifetime cancer risks for tDDT and inorganic As had the highest risks (total risk=528x10(-6)) of consuming oysters from the Machu Islands. Furthermore, a 10(-6) upper limit on lifetime risk as the health protection standard would require maximum oyster consumption rates of approximately 0.26 g/day.     

排污许可证制度在总量控制中的作用和地位

为了使污染物总量控制工作逐步走向深入并真正收到实效,对“排污许可证制度”核定单位的污染物排放量、排污行为的有效约束、企业排污权的转移与交易、区域污染物排放状况的调控,以及如何确立该制度在污染物总量控制工作中的地位进行了探讨。     

基于USLE和GIS的阳宗海流域土壤侵蚀量预测研究

借助GIS技术,运用USLE预测模型,以云南省九大高原湖泊之一——阳宗海为研究对象,对该流域的土壤侵蚀量进行了估算。运用遥感和数学统计对USLE中的参数进行了选定,并通过合理的USLE因子算法,得出了2004年阳宗海流域的土壤侵蚀分布图和侵蚀总量。结合实地考察和土壤侵蚀状况,对土壤侵蚀原因进行了合理的分析,提出了相应的控制措施。     

应用热分析法研究多环芳烃的催化深度氧化

应用热分析技术对多环芳烃化合物催化氧化反应过程中催化剂初活性进行评价。比较了两种样品前处理方法,测定结果基本一致。分别测定了六种不同组分的过渡金属氧化物催化剂的初活性。考察了多环芳烃结构对其催化氧化难易的关系。实验结果表明,热分析可作为评价高沸点有机化合物深度氧化催化活性的可靠方法,且简便易行。     

包头市四道沙河流域稀土行业废水对水环境影响分析

本文概括介绍了四道沙河流域稀土行业生产及污染物排放情况 ,着重分析了稀土行业生产废水对四道沙河流域及其地下水乃至黄河水质的影响 ,并为控制该流域水环境污染提出了防治对策     

浅述复垦土地经济评价

本文对复垦土地的经济评价的意义、国内外发展现状进行了较为详细的阐述，并进行了复垦土地经济评价研究内容和方法的探讨，目的是为了完善我国的土地复垦工作中的薄弱环节。     

Study on the response of wheat to lead, cadmium and zinc

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国外交通运输战略环境评价的实践及对我国的启示

战略环境评价（SEA）作为一种重要的环境管理工具和实施可持续发展战略的手段．已经被融入到各种战略决策中。基于国外近几年交通运输SEA的文献。阐述了国外开展交通运输SEA的现状。分析了国外开展交通运输SEA的理论研究和实践经验。结合我国国情．提出了我国进一步开展交通运输SEA研究和实践的建议。     

UV/H2O2/微曝气联用工艺对BP的去除

采用新型工艺UV/H2O2/微曝气对水中内分泌干扰物(EDCs)4-叔丁基苯酚(BP)的降解进行研究.结果表明,UV/H2O2/微曝气工艺比UV/H2O2工艺可以更为有效地去除水中BP;UV/H2O2/微曝气联用工艺降解BP受BP初始浓度值、UV光强、初始H2O2投加浓度以及溶液初始pH影响较大.随着光强的增大,BP的降解速率呈线性增长;在329～882μg/L浓度范围内,k1随着浓度的增大而逐步降低;随着初始H2O2投加浓度从1mg/L上升到20mg/L,k1几乎呈线性增长;当BP溶液pH值为3.94时,UV/H2O2/微曝气对BP的降解速率最大.