废弃电器电子产品拆解行业发展透析及趋势分析

《废弃电器电子产品处理基金征收使用管理办法》正式实施。基金化管理是借鉴国外成功的“生产者责任延伸制”,作为一种长效机制对处理企业未来的发展具有稳定和促进作用。废弃电器电子产品处理基金化运作的第一阶段已经顺利实行,取得了丰硕的成果和各种经验教训。总结过去和探讨未来是今后管理者、研究者和企业人需要共同完成的课题。     

关于遏制废旧铅酸蓄电池环境污染现象的建议

近几年,我国废旧铅酸蓄电池的回收处理工作取得了很大进展,但由于各种原因引起的环境污染现象仍触目惊心.回收处理废旧铅酸蓄电池提取再生铅,与原生铅相比更节能环保,符合资源回收和循环利用法则.但目前回收和处理市场很不规范,存在严重的环境污染问题,着重讨论用政策引导的方式规范废旧铅酸蓄电池回收处理市场,实现资源节约和环境保护的双重目的.     

Degradation of anti-inflammatory drug ketoprofen by electro-oxidation: comparison of electro-Fenton and anodic oxidation processes

The electrochemical degradation of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ketoprofen in tap water has been studied using electro-Fenton (EF) and anodic oxidation (AO) processes with platinium (Pt) and boron-doped diamond (BDD) anodes and carbon felt cathode. Fast degradation of the parent drug molecule and its degradation intermediates leading to complete mineralization was achieved by BDD/carbon felt, Pt/carbon felt, and AO with BDD anode. The obtained results showed that oxidative degradation rate of ketoprofen and mineralization of its aqueous solution increased by increasing applied current. Degradation kinetics fitted well to a pseudo-first-order reaction. Absolute rate constant of the oxidation of ketoprofen by electrochemically generated hydroxyl radicals was determined to be (2.8?±?0.1)?×?10⁹ M^?1 s^?1 by using competition kinetic method. Several reaction intermediates such as 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, pyrogallol, catechol, benzophenone, benzoic acid, and hydroquinone were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses. The formation, identification, and evolution of short-chain aliphatic carboxylic acids like formic, acetic, oxalic, glycolic, and glyoxylic acids were monitored with ion exclusion chromatography. Based on the identified aromatic/cyclic intermediates and carboxylic acids as end products before mineralization, a plausible mineralization pathway was proposed. The evolution of the toxicity during treatments was also monitored using Microtox method, showing a faster detoxification with higher applied current values.     

扬水曝气强化催化氧化去除水中有机微污染物

以γ-Al2O3为载体,采用浸渍焙烧法制备了负载型催化剂RuO2-CeO2/γ-Al2O3、Fe2O3-CeO2/γ-Al2O3、Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3。在扬水曝气条件下,以西安某水源水库水为原水,考察了各催化剂对有机微污染物的净化效果,实验发现,催化剂反复多次使用并无明显失活现象,连续使用20 d以消除单纯吸附的影响后,仍然可在7 d内使UV254、CODMn、DOC的去除率分别达到38%、28%和27%。离子溶出实验表明,Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3有很好的稳定性。综合考虑处理效果、制备工艺以及制备成本,选择Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3为最佳催化剂。为了使催化剂Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3具有最佳活性,分别考察了焙烧时间、焙烧温度、浸渍液浓度、浸渍时间等,并对其制备工艺进行了优化。然后反应前后水样的分子量测定结果表明,反应后大分子比例下降,而小分子比例提高,说明催化氧化将一定量的大分子降解成为小分子。     

土壤中异黄酮植物雌激素降解体系的研究

利用睾丸酮丛毛单胞菌(菌株C.test十act5)具有消化多环芳烃类化合物这一特性,以异黄酮植物雌激素为底物筛选菌株C.test+act5降解雌激素的培养条件,使异黄酮植物雌激素在土壤中的含量相对降低,以期为高效降解环境中激素类物质奠定基础.结果表明:菌株C.test+act5降解异黄酮植物雌激素的最适质量浓度为100～200 μg/mL,最适温度为30℃,最适pH为6.0;在此条件下,降解48 h时的降解率达85％左右,72 h后几乎完全被降解.     

Black Disease (Terpios hoshinota): A Probable Cause for the Rapid Coral Mortality at the Northern Reef of Yongxing Island in the South China Sea

The northern reef of Yongxing Island, the largest reef island of the Xisha Islands in the South China Sea, was in good condition with significant cover of scleractinian corals until 2002. Surveys in 2008 and 2010, however, found that coral coverage had declined rapidly and severely, implying that catastrophic coral mortality occurred during the past 8 years. A blackish mat was observed covering live and dead corals in both 2008 and 2010 that was identified as an encrusting sponge, Terpios hoshinota, by special surface morphology and spicule structure. In addition, spicule residues were found on the surface of long-dead corals, indicating a previous invasion of T. hosinota. T. hoshinota is referred to as the "black disease" because it rapidly overgrows and kills corals. Our evidence indicates that outbreaks of black disease are at least partially responsible for the massive coral mortality at the northern reef of Yongxing Island over the past 8 years, although human activities and heat-related coral bleaching cannot be discounted as minor causes for this coral decline.     

Effects of phosphorus amendments and plant growth on the mobility of Pb, Cu, and Zn in a multi-metal-contaminated soil

Purpose

Phosphorus amendments have been widely and successfully used in immobilization of one single metal (e.g., Pb) in contaminated soils. However, application of P amendments in the immobilization of multiple metals and particularly investigations about the effects of planting on the stability of the initially P-induced immobilized metals in the contaminated soils are far limited.

Methods

This study was conducted to determine the effects of phosphate rock tailing (PR), triple superphosphate fertilizer (TSP), and their combination (P+T) on mobility of Pb, Cu, and Zn in a multimetal-contaminated soil. Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) (metal-sensitive) and Chinese kale (Brassica alboglabra Bailey) (metal-resistant) were introduced to examine the effects of planting on leaching of Pb, Cu, and Zn in the P-amended soils.

Results

All three P treatments greatly reduced CaCl₂-extractable Pb and Zn by 55.2?C73.1% and 14.3?C33.6%, respectively. The PR treatment decreased CaCl₂-extractable Cu by 27.8%, while the TSP and P+T treatments increased it by 47.2% and 44.4%, respectively. All three P treatments were effective in reducing simulated rainwater leachable Pb, with dissolved and total leachable Pb decrease by 15.6?C81.9% and 16.3?C64.5%, respectively. The PR treatment reduced the total leachable Zn by 16.8%, while TSP and P+T treatments increased Zn leaching by 92.7% and 78.9%, respectively. However, total Cu leaching were elevated by 17.8?C178% in all P treatments. Planting promoted the leaching of Pb and Cu by 98.7?C127% and 23.5?C170%, respectively, especially in the colloid fraction, whereas the leachable Zn was reduced by 95.3?C96.5% due to planting. The P treatments reduced the uptake of Pb, Cu, and Zn in the aboveground parts of Chinese cabbage by up to 65.1%, 34.3%, and 9.59%, respectively. Though P treatments were effective in reducing Zn concentrations in the aboveground parts of the metal-resistant Chinese kale by 22.4?C28.9%, they had little effect on Pb and Cu uptake.

Conclusions

The results indicated that all P treatments were effective in immobilizing Pb. The effect on the immobilization of Cu and Zn varied with the different P treatments and evaluation methods. Metal-sensitive plants are more responsive to the P treatments than metal-resistant plants. Planting affects leaching of metals in the P-amended soils, specially leaching of colloid fraction. The conventional assessment on leaching risks of heavy metals by determining dissolved metals (filtered through 0.45-??m pore size membrane) in leachates could be underestimated since colloid fraction may also contribute to the leaching.     

生物活性炭曝气滤池处理油田废水的应用

为实现DB 12/356-2008《天津市污水综合排放标准》(CODCr≤60mg/L)要求,大港油田对原有的废水生化处理工艺进行技术升级改造,优选生物活性炭曝气滤池工艺作为工程改造的主体技术方案。现场实施后,各项水质指标均达到了天津市标准的要求,对大港油田工业废水深度处理工作具有实践指导意义。     

丙溴磷在稻田环境中的残留动态研究

确立了气相色谱法测定丙溴磷残留量的检测方法.采用该方法,丙溴磷在土壤、植株、糙米、稻壳和田水中的平均添加回收率为87.2％～103.6％,变异系数为3.20％～11.50％,最低检测质量浓度:田水为0.005 mg/kg;土壤、植株、糙米和稻壳为0.050 mg/kg.残留动态研究表明,丙溴磷在田水、植株和土壤中的半衰...     

潞城市大气PM_（10）中化学元素分布特征

利用ICP-AES分析了潞城市采暖期和非采暖期4个不同功能区PM10样品中16种化学元素,对不同元素的时空分布特征进行了研究,并采用富集因子和主成分分析初步研究了潞城市PM10中元素的主要来源。结果表明,潞城市PM10中重金属污染较为严重,且各元素在采暖期的平均浓度均明显高于非采暖期。PM10中Ca、V、Cr、As、Ni、Mn、Cu、Zn、Al和Pb的富集因子EF〉10,主要来源于人为污染;而Na、Mg、Si、Fe和K的EF〈10,除部分来自人为活动外,主要来自土壤风沙等自然来源。主成分分析结果显示,潞城市PM10中元素的主要来源按贡献率大小依次为：煤烟尘和工业粉尘50.39%,自然源34.37%和机动车尾气15.24%。