聚氨酯缓冲材料在2种典型环境下的耐候性研究

目的 研究聚氨酯缓冲材料在湿热海洋和干热沙漠环境下的老化性能。方法 将3种不同表观密度的聚氨酯缓冲材料在万宁和敦煌试验站进行1 a的自然环境试验,探究聚氨酯缓冲材料外观、静态压缩性能、压缩永久变形性能和红外光谱的变化。结果 在1 a的自然环境试验中,材料压缩强度先增大后降低,压缩永久变形逐渐增大;在万宁试验站,样品表面出现发霉现象,密度为25、30、40 kg/m³的聚氨酯缓冲材料的压缩强度分别增大或衰减至106.4%、93.3%、87.5%,压缩永久变形分别增大109%、98%、138%;在敦煌试验站,密度为25、30、40 kg/m³的聚氨酯缓冲材料的压缩强度分别增大或衰减至106.4%、98.2%、97.8%,压缩永久变形分别增大55%、74%、93%。结论 聚氨酯缓冲材料在自然环境中会发生水解和热氧降解等老化反应,使材料性能出现下降。材料表观密度越大,性能衰减越快。材料对于湿热海洋环境更敏感,在万宁站的老化程度大于敦煌站。     

Shortened fetal long bones: A notable intrauterine phenotypic feature in SHOX-associated skeletal dysplasia

Objective

To explore the intrauterine phenotypic spectrum of short stature homeobox-containing (SHOX) gene-associated skeletal dysplasia and provide genetic counseling at-risk pregnancies.

Method

We analyzed the fetuses with SHOX-microdeletions identified by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-array. The intrauterine phenotypes and outcomes were further elaborated.

Results

Nine fetuses carrying a single SHOX-microdeletion were reported, with deletion sizes ranging from 0.134 to 1.35 Mb. Shortened long bones were observed in all fetuses, varying from −2.0 standard deviation (SD) to −5.3 SD. Moreover, all cases had a femur length/foot ratio less than 0.87 and a femur/abdominal circumference ratio greater than 0.16, suggesting that non-lethal skeletal dysplasia may be involved. Two fetuses showed intrauterine growth restriction, and two had nasal bone hypoplasia. Prenatal ultrasonography did not reveal other obvious anomalies, including the Madelung deformity. Five microdeletions were inherited and one was de novo. Five terminations and four newborns were recorded. Two newborns had normal stature, and two were short-statured (height <3rd percentile), with one having inflexible wrists.

Conclusions

SHOX haploinsufficiency may manifest with shortened fetal long bones. The combination of history taking, prenatal ultrasonography, and SNP-array can prompt early prenatal diagnosis and timely postnatal treatment of SHOX-associated skeletal dysplasia.     

吕梁市PM2.5中多环芳烃的来源解析及健康风险评价

为探索吕梁地区PM_2.5中多环芳烃的季节变化、健康风险和潜在来源,于2018年10月23日至2019年7月1日对离石区(市区)和孝义市(郊区)进行PM_2.5样品采集,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)测定了14种多环芳烃浓度.总多环芳烃的浓度年均值为95.50 ng·m^-3,主要以5～6环为主(49.7%),3环占比较低(8.3%);吕梁市多环芳烃浓度呈现冬季>秋季>春季>夏季的季节性变化规律,市区浓度年均值(130.47 ng·m^-3)高于郊区(84.4 ng·m^-3);增量终身致癌风险和蒙特卡洛模拟结果均表明吕梁市多环芳烃毒性服从成人>青年>儿童的规律,除夏季外,离石区增量终身致癌风险值均在10^-6～10^-4之间,远高于孝义市,表明市区存在较高的多环芳烃潜在风险;通过采用特征比值法和正定矩阵因子分解模型表明,吕梁市多环芳烃主要来自于煤和生物质的燃烧(61.9%)和机动车尾气排放(38.1%),由后...     

Review on recent progress in on-line monitoring technology for atmospheric pollution source emissions in China

Emissions from mobile sources and stationary sources contribute to atmospheric pollution in China, and its components, which include ultrafine particles (UFPs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and other reactive gases, such as NH₃ and NO_x, are the most harmful to human health. China has released various regulations and standards to address pollution from mobile and stationary sources. Thus, it is urgent to develop online monitoring technology for atmospheric pollution source emissions. This study provides an overview of the main progress in mobile and stationary source monitoring technology in China and describes the comprehensive application of some typical instruments in vital areas in recent years. These instruments have been applied to monitor emissions from motor vehicles, ships, airports, the chemical industry, and electric power generation. Not only has the level of atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment been improving, but relevant regulations and standards have also been constantly updated. Meanwhile, the developed instruments can provide scientific assistance for the successful implementation of regulations. According to the potential problem areas in atmospheric pollution in China, some research hotspots and future trends of atmospheric online monitoring technology are summarized. Furthermore, more advanced atmospheric online monitoring technology will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of atmospheric pollution and improve environmental monitoring capacity.     

生物炭对土壤新烟碱类农药环境行为的影响

当前大量施用的新烟碱类农药已对土壤环境造成了潜在危害,添加生物炭是一种阻控该类农药在土壤中流动,并降低其生态风险的有效方法,因此厘清生物炭对土壤中新烟碱类农药环境行为的影响具有重要的现实意义.该文梳理并总结了新烟碱类农药在生物炭土壤中的主要环境行为,重点阐释了不同制备材料和热解温度、不同添加量的生物炭及其他主控因子对土壤新烟碱类农药吸附、解吸及降解行为影响;进而分析现阶段研究中的不足,对未来的研究方向进行展望,可为土壤中生物炭调控技术的发展提供参考.     

黔西南喀斯特地区国土空间规划“双评价”技术与实践:以义龙新区为例

国土空间规划是落实主体功能区战略、绘制未来“美丽国土一张蓝图”的重要抓手,资源环境承载能力和国土空间开发适宜性评价是国土空间规划编制的前提和基础.以贵州省黔西南布依族苗族自治州义龙新区为研究对象,围绕生态保护、农业生产、城镇建设功能特征,以定量方法为主、定性方法为辅,依次开展了资源环境要素单项评价、资源环境承载能力集成评价、国土空间开发适宜性评价,并与现状土地利用进行对比,识别其国土空间开发问题和潜力.结果表明:①义龙新区生态保护极重要区面积占比为36.93%,农业生产适宜区面积占比为24.84%,城镇建设适宜区面积占比为25.08%,三者可分别作为重点生态功能区、农产品主产区、城市化发展区.②生态保护极重要区中基本农田面积为23.60 km2、一般农用地面积为15.21 km2,农业生产不适宜区中基本农田面积为72.17 km2、一般农用地面积为27.63 km2,地块功能指向重叠性较大,建议结合城市发展意向,明确不同区域功能指向的侧重.③后备耕地面积为131.87 km2,后备建设用地面积为114.85 km2,与实地核查结果相符.研究显示,构建的喀斯特地区“双评价”方法体系可以很好地应用于区域国土空间规划,实现了格网单元地域功能优化分区.      

基于OMI的汾渭平原对流层NO2长期变化趋势

利用2007~2020年臭氧检测仪（OMI） OMNO2d对流层NO₂垂直柱浓度（TVCD）数据、欧盟基本气候变量质量保证计划（QA4ECV）基于卫星观测约束下的NO_x日排放估算数据（DECSO）、大气红外探测仪（AIRS）臭氧（O₃）垂直廓线AIRS2SUP数据,研究了汾渭平原NO₂TVCD长期变化趋势及其对NO_x排放变化的响应,以及二者变化对于对流层中下层O₃的影响.结果表明,汾渭平原NO₂TVCD于2012年达峰,峰值为（9.8±4.6） x10¹⁵molec/cm²,2013年后基本呈现逐年下降趋势;NO₂TVCD冬季最高,夏季最低,冬季均值约为夏季3.6倍;NO₂TVCD并非随NO_x人为源减排单调下降,夏季NO₂TVCD低百分位上升;NO₂TVCD变率为（-1.5±0.6）%/a,低于NO_x排放降幅的1/3,可能与人为NO_x大量减排的背景下,对流层NO_x自然源的贡献大且相对贡献不断上升有关;对流层中下层O₃变率仅为（-0.2±0.2）%/a,近地层O₃变率为（0.8±0.1）%/a,汾渭平原对流层O₃生成基本处于VOCs控制区或者VOCs-NO_x过渡区,减排NO_x无法降低对流层O₃;汾渭平原NO_x减排可有效降低城市高排放区NO₂,乡村地区受NO_x自然源影响较大,人为减排收效不明显.     

Effectiveness of Disinfectants Suitable for Inactivating SARS-CoV-2 at Cold-Chain Temperature

Food and Environmental Virology - To prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in cold-chain transportation in China, we developed specific cryogenic disinfectants. Carrier tests were performed against...     

Denitrification and microbial community in MBBR using A. donax as carbon source and biofilm carriers for reverse osmosis concentrate treatment

In this study,raw Arundo donax(A.donax)pieces were applied as carbon source and biofilm carriers for denitrification in a lab-scale moving bed biofilm reactor(MBBR)for the treatment of reverse osmosis concentrate gathered from local wastewater reuse plant.At stable phase(about 60 days),efficient denitrification performance was obtained with73.2%±19.5%NO_(3-)~-N average removal and 8.10±3.45 g N/(m~3·day)NO_(3-)~-N average volumetric removal rate.Mass balance analysis showed that 4.84 g A.donax was required to remove 1 g TN.Quantitative real-time PCR analysis results showed that the copy numbers of 16S r-RNA,narG,nirS,nosZ and anammox gene of carrier biofilm and suspended activated sludge in the declination phase(BF2 and AS2)were lower than those of samples in the stable phase(BF1 and AS1),and relatively higher copy numbers of nirS and nirK genes with lower abundance of narG and nosZ genes were observed.High-throughput sequencing analysis was conducted for BF2 and AS2,and similar dominant phyla and classes with different abundance were obtained.The class Gammaproteobacteria affiliated with the phylum Proteobacteria was the most dominant microbial community in both BF2(52.6%)and AS2(41.7%).The PICRUSt prediction results indicated that 33 predictive specific genes were related to denitrification process,and the relative abundance of 18 predictive specific genes in BF2 were higher than those in AS2.