空气环境污染对户外体育运动人群影响研究

空气污染对户外体育运动人群的身体健康有显著的影响,空气中的污染物质比如固体颗粒物、硫化氢、一氧化碳、臭氧、粉尘和酸雾、气溶胶等都会对人体产生巨大的危害,导致各种呼吸系统以及肺功能疾病,甚至引发癌症,为了保护户外体育运动人群的健康,研究空气环境污染的成分以及来源,分析空气环境污染的防治措施等。具体分析空气污染物质对户外体育运动人群的危害性因素,并采取针对性的措施预防空气污染对人体带来的损害,确保体育运动人群的身体健康。     

Degradation of organic contaminants through the activation of oxygen using zero valent copper coupled with sodium tripolyphosphate under neutral conditions

In this study,sodium tripolyphosphate(STPP) was used to promote the removal of organic pollutants in a zero-valent copper(ZVC)/O_2 system under neutral conditions for the first time.20 mg/L p-nitrophenol(PNP) can be completely decomposed within 120 min in the ZVC/O_2/STPP system.The PNP degradation process followed pseudo-first-order kinetics and the degradation rate of PNP gradually increased upon the decreasing ZVC particle size.The optimal pH of the reaction system was 5.0.Our mechanism investigation showed that Cu~+generated by ZVC corrosion was the main reducing agent for the activation of 02 to produce ROS.-OH was identified as the only ROS formed during the degradation of PNP and its production pathway was the double-electron activation of O_2(O_2→H_2 O_2→·OH).In this process,STPP did not only promote the release of Cu~+through its complexation,but also promoted the production of OH by reducing the redox potential of Cu~(2+)/Cu~+.In addition,we could initiate and terminate the reaction by controlling the pH.At pH 8.1,ZVC/02/STPP could continuously degrade organic pollutants;at pH 8.1,the reaction was terminated.STPP was recycled to continuously promote the corrosion of ZVC and O_2 activation as long as the pH was 8.1.This study provided a new and efficient way for O_2 activation and organic contaminants removal.     

隧道底板隆起的成因、分类与控制

在工程实践的基础上 ,全面地分析了隧底隆起的成因、分类与控制技术途径 ;总结和分析了隧底隆起破坏的 3种基本外在表现形式 ;在对引起隧底隆起的物理、力学与结构原因分析的基础上 ,提出了隧底隆起分类的 4种基本形式 ;同时也给出了按隆起破坏力学特征分类的 4种基本形式 ;总结归纳了隆起控制的一般原则 ,并提出了隧底隆起控制的技术途径。     

1954、1998年长江两次特大洪灾形成原因及防治对策初探

１９９８ 年长江中下游地区发生的特大洪水具有洪水水位高、洪量大、历时长的特点, 这次洪水灾害造成的直接经济损失超过了２ ０００ 亿元。本文在长江上中游地区降水量总量及强度超常、长江上中下游洪水遭遇严重、分洪区没能发挥作用等洪灾形成主要原因进行分析的基础上, 提出了加大对影响长江流域灾变性气候的研究、调整江湖水系结构、加强区域间防洪的协调和协作等对策建议。     

应用模糊数学方法评价水环境质量

模糊综合评价就是根据给出的评价标准和实测值,经过模糊变换,对待评价对象给出总的评价的一种方法。在水质评价中,确定评价因子集、评价集、隶属函数,然后通过计算确定水质级别。本文采用模糊综合评价方法,对锦州市大凌河3个断面进行模糊综合评价。     

跨界地区环境风险识别初探

面对中国界河流域的重特大恶性事故频繁发生等复杂问题,以中国跨界河流污染源为研究对象,针对可能造成的跨界风险的重大污染源进行风险识别,建立跨界风险源识别指标体系进行综合评判打分并在典型界河流域和脆弱水环境控制单元进行应用示范。初步建立相应的跨界河流水环境风险识别技术方法体系,为中国界河流域水环境保护提供有力的技术支撑。     

土壤氧化还原电位测定方法的探讨与研究

是选用铂电极直接测定法来测定土壤的氧化还原电位,该方法是采用铂电极作为氧化还原电极,饱和甘汞电极作为参比电极,两者之间存在电位差的原理而测得的。通过大量的试验数据,表明该方法是简便易行的,对于一般的土壤都有实际参考价值。最后,对此过程中遇到的问题进行了深入的探讨和研究,并提出了具体解决方案。     

粉煤灰制备聚氯化铝活化预处理工艺研究

在利用粉煤灰作为原料制备聚氯化铝（PAC）絮凝剂实验过程中,重点研究粉煤灰的预处理工艺。分别选用氯化钠和盐酸作为预处理剂,采用湿法混合和焙烧进行活化对比实验,运用X射线衍射、扫描电镜分析和PAC产品性能测定方法,得出盐酸为最优的预处理活化剂。粉煤灰经盐酸活化焙烧后,所制备的PAC的Al2O3含量达到了27.4%,其对生活污水的浊度去除率达到94.7%,化学需氧量（COD）去除率达到87.6%。     

Experimental study of photooxidation products of ethylbenzene

Smog chamber experiments were performed to investigate the composition of products formed from photooxidation of aromatic hydrocarbon ethylbenzene. Vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometer and aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer were used to measure the products in the gas and particle phases in real-time. Experimental results demonstrated that ethylphenol, methylglyoxal, phenol, benzaldehyde, and 2-ethylfurane were the predominant photooxidation products in both the gas and particle phases. However, there were some di erences between detected gas phase products and those of particle phase, for example, 2-ethylfurane, ethylglyoxylic acid, nitroethylbenzene, 3,4-dioxopentanal and ethyl-nitrophenol were only existing in the particle-phase. The possible reaction mechanisms leading to these products were also discussed and proposed.