Use of a novel biomarker,botryococcane, to monitor biodegradation of two lacustrine‐sourced crude oils

Bioremediation is a proven alternative for remediating petroleum‐impacted soils at exploration and production (E&P) sites. Monitoring remediation performance can involve detection and quantification of biodegradation resistant compounds such as C₃₀17α(H),21β(H)‐hopane, which requires the use of gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (GC/MS). Due to the remoteness of many E&P sites, this technology is not always available, and alternative methods are needed to provide reliable quantitative measurements of petroleum remediation efficiency. This study provides a detailed chemical characterization of lacustrine‐sourced crude oils and a technical basis for measuring the effectiveness of bioremediation efforts for soil impacted by those crudes. We show that the novel isoprenoid hydrocarbon botryococcane is relatively stable in lacustrine‐sourced crude oils compared with C₃₀17α(H),21β(H)‐hopane under moderate biodegradation conditions generally observed in field samples. We have also demonstrated that, due to the stability and relatively elevated concentration of botryococcane in lacustrine oils, it can be reliably measured using the more cost‐effective and available GC/FID methodology, and thereby be used to monitor the progress of ongoing soil bioremediation activities at remote sites.     

Comparative study of the formation of brominated disinfection byproducts in UV/persulfate and UV/H2O2 oxidation processes in the presence of bromide

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The objective of this research was to compare the transformation of Br? and formation of brominated byproducts in UV/persulfate (PS) and UV/H2O2...     

内循环UASB中微生物群落多样性分析研究

应用聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chajn reaction,PCR)结合变形梯度凝胶电泳(denature gadient gel elecophoresis,DGGE)技术对内循环UASB反应器内活性污泥的微生物多样性进行分析。通过OMEGA试剂盒的方式提取活性污泥中微生物的基因组DNA,以细菌通用引物进行16S rDNA基因V3高变异区域PCR扩增,再将PCR产物(约200bp)进行变性梯度凝胶电泳分离(变形梯度为30%⁶0%),从而获得表征污泥样中微生物群落特征的DNA指纹图谱。借助Quantity One软件对不同污泥样进行多样性分析。研究表明,内循环UASB反应器内不同取样口取得的活性污泥虽有着共同的和不同的微生物种属,但DGGE图谱中多为共同带,少有特征带,污泥样品间的相似性很高、微生物群落多样性基本一致。反应器内污泥混合均匀、微生物种类丰富,反应器运行稳定且有很强的抗冲击能力。     

典型地区大气新型卤代阻燃剂污染特征、来源分析及人体暴露

利用大流量主动采样器采集了广州市天河区（23°08''56" N,113°21''30" E）和五指山国家自然保护区（18°54''02" N,109°41''24" E）两个典型地区的大气气相和颗粒相样品,测定了8种新型卤代阻燃剂（new halogenated flame retardants,NHFRs）的浓度,包括syn-DP、anti-DP、TBPH、PBEB、HBB、TBE、TBB、DBDPE.结果表明,广州大气中∑NHFRs平均浓度（335 pg·m^-3）远高于五指山（90.6 pg·m^-3）.广州大气中DBDPE为优势单体,占比为66.9%;五指山大气中NHFRs则以TBPH为主（65.8%）.季节变化上,广州的∑NHFRs浓度呈现一定季节变化,而五指山的∑NHFRs无明显季节变化,这可能与两地NHFRs的来源不同有关.结合主成分分析、风向频率和后向轨迹模型分析,发现两地阻燃剂来源有较大的差异：广州大气中NHFRs可能主要来源于电子垃圾拆解、工业输入和消费品的再挥发,而五指山大气中阻燃剂可能以外源输入为主.健康风险评价结果显示,我国大型城市大气中高浓度NHFRs的持续暴露会对城市居民健康特别是婴儿健康造成潜在危害.     

Transformation of erythromycin during secondary effluent soil aquifer recharging: Removal contribution and degradation path

Erythromycin (ERY), a widely used antibiotic, has recently been detected in municipal secondary effluents and poses serious threats to human health during wastewater reusing. In this study, the removal, fate, and degradation pathway of ERY in secondary effluent during soil aquifer treatment was evaluated via laboratory-scale SAT tests. Up to a 92.9% reduction of ERY in synthetic secondary effluent was observed in 1.0 m depth column system, which decreased to 64.7% when recharged with wastewater treatment plant secondary effluent. XRD-fractionation results demonstrated that the transphilic acid and hydrophobic acid fractions in secondary effluent compete for the adsorption sites of the packed soil and lead to a declined ERY removal. Moreover, aerobic biodegradation was the predominant role for ERY removal, contributing more than 60% reduction of ERY when recharged with synthetic secondary effluent. Destruction of 14-member macrocyclic lactone ring and breakdown of two cyclic sugars (l-cladinose and d-desosamine) were main removal pathways for ERY degradation, and produced six new intermediates.     

Methyl Orange removal by a novel PEI-AuNPs-hemin nanocomposite

A novel poly(ethyleneimine)/Au nanoparticles/hemin nanocomposite(PEI-AuNPs-Hemin)acting for Methyl Orange(MO) removal has been synthesized. PEI-AuNPs was prepared firstly and it was then linked to hemin through the coupling between carboxyl groups in hemin and amino groups in PEI without the activation of carboxyl groups. The high reactivity and stability of AuNPs contributed greatly in the formation of the amido bonds in the nanocomposite. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and UV–visible spectroscopy were used to characterize the PEI-AuNPs-Hemin.Results show that PEI-AuNPs-Hemin has strong adsorption for MO. Adsorption and degradation experiments were carried out at different p Hs, nanocomposite concentrations and UV irradiation times. Removal of MO in acidic solutions was more effective than in basic solutions. The real-time study showed that the MO degradation with the nanocomposite under UV irradiation was a fast process. In addition, the photocatalytic degradation mechanism was proposed. The study suggests that the PEI-AuNPs-Hemin may have promising applications in environmental monitoring and protection.     

太湖流域水生生物水质基准推导的物种选择

水生生物水质基准是水质基准体系的重要组成部分。由于不同地区的生态体系存在差异,所需要推导的水质基准也存在不同。目前太湖流域的水质基准研究刚刚起步,国内外制订的水质标准并不能代表太湖流域的水生生物和环境特征。因此,开展基于太湖流域的水生生物和环境特征的水质基准研究,对于太湖流域的水环境保护和水质管理具有重要的作用和意义。在水生生物水质基准的物种选择方面,选择了两种鱼类、两种浮游动物、3种底栖动物以及一种水生植物或浮游藻类,可以全面的代表太湖流域的水生态结构和营养等级。     

可持续环境与发展规划的途径及其有效性

当人们对一些经典概念和模式，如经济最优化模式、生态最适模式、最低安全标准、承载力概念等提出疑问之后，环境与发展规划的方法论也随之面临着严峻的挑战。本文指出：①以经济最优化和生态最适模式指导规划都是非常局限和困难的，规划决不是一个环境和经济决定论的过程，而是一个可辩护的过程；②环境可能会对发展产生所谓的“顶极的”“绝对的”制约，对此，规划必须服从。但是，这种“顶极的”和“绝对的”界线是很难确切定义的，也往往是难以操作的，因而其在环境与发展规划中的意义是相当有限的。必须寻找一些新的有效的战略使规划过程具有可辩护性和可操作性。如何寻求和设计这种辩护战略是可持续发展规划方法论的一个重要领域。生态安全格局途径正是在这一方向上所做的努力。     

Exploiting pattern and sustainable development of marginal lands in the Three Gorge Reservoir Areas

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