物元模型及其在区域水环境质量评价中的应用

将灰色关联聚类法引入评价指标权重的确定，在物元分析的基础上，建立了基于聚类权重的区域水环境质量综合评价物元模型。通过实例分析将该模型与其它评价方法进行比较。结果显示，该模型弥补了模糊综合评判法、灰色聚类法的不足，评价结果合理，信息利用率高。     

驯化SBR法处理磷钙废水的实验研究

采用驯化SBR法来处理明胶生产工序段的磷钙水,研究了该法的可行性及污泥活性抑制后的恢复措施。结果表明:驯化SBR法处理磷钙废水有一定的处理效果,COD去除率最高可达88%,除磷效果明显,24h去除率维持在85%;反应器运行7～8天后,污泥活性受高氯根和碳酸钙的积累而被抑制,经更换部分污泥和添加低浓度废水等措施,可使污泥生物活性得到恢复。     

Investigation of methods for estimating hand bone dimensions using X-ray hand anthropometric data

This study examined two conversion methods, M1 and M2, to predict finger/phalange bone lengths based on finger/phalange surface lengths. Forty-one Korean college students (25 males and 16 females) were recruited and their finger/phalange surface lengths, bone lengths and grip strengths were measured using a vernier caliper, an X-ray generator and a double-handle force measurement system, respectively. M1 and M2 were defined as formulas able to estimate finger/phalange bone lengths based on one dimension (i.e., surface hand length) and four finger dimensions (surface finger lengths), respectively. As a result of conversion, the estimation errors by M1 presented mean 1.22?mm, which was smaller than those (1.29?mm) by M2. The bone lengths estimated by M1 (mean r?=?0.81) presented higher correlations with the measured bone lengths than those estimated by M2 (0.79). Thus, the M1 method was recommended in the present study, based on conversion simplicity and accuracy.     

菌根真菌对环境污染物的降解、转化能力概述

菌根是高等植物与真菌形成的共生体，菌根真菌与许多微生物一样，也能有效的降解，转化的环境污染物，且有其自身的特点和优势。该文综合叙述了国内外在菌根真菌外在苗条奶真菌降解和转化木质素，多氯联苯，除草剂，有毒金属等环境污染物方面的研究进展，显示出菌根真菌是一大类具有较大应用潜力的，不容忽视的微生物群。     

土壤中苯并[a]芘和二苯并[a，h]蒽的快速测定及其降解特性研究

建立了加速溶剂萃取-高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测(ASE-HPLC-PAD)快速测定土壤中苯并[a]芘(BaP)和二苯并[a.h]葸(DBA)的方法.通过提取剂、提取方法的优化,检测波长(BaP、DBA的λmax分别为294.6、295.8 nm)的选择,减少了干扰物的影响,提高了检测灵敏度.土壤中添加BaP、DBA的质量浓度均为0.02～0.50 mg/kg时,其平均回收率均为77.26%～109.56%,相对标准偏差为0.60%～2.74%;土壤中BaP、DBA的最小检测质量浓度分别为2.15、1.10μg/kg.将ASE-HPLC-PAD方法应用于污染场地土壤中BaP与DBA的测定及其降解特性研究表明,BaP与DBA的降解半衰期分别达210、693 d.     

温度对哑硝化及氧化哑氮释放的影响

采用批次实验的方法探讨了3种不同温度（15℃,25℃,35℃）对亚硝化及其过程中温室气体氧化亚氮释放情况。结果表明,温度对亚硝化过程及氧化亚氮的释放有显著影响。在15～35℃范围内,随着温度的升高,氨氧化率和亚硝化积累率逐渐升高,N2O释放量也逐渐增大,35℃可以作为适宜的亚硝化温度,平均氨氧化率为50．9％,亚硝化积累率为55．6％,NO-2-N与Nrl4-N出水浓度比为1．1,氨氧化率,亚硝化积累率和出水中亚硝氮与氨氮浓度比较合适,从而可以为厌氧氨氧化工艺提供合适的进水,但在此温度下平均N2O释放量相对较高,为1．494la,g／gMLSS。     

Occurrence, partition behavior, source and ecological risk assessment of nitro-PAHs in the sediment and water of Taige Canal, China

Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) are widespread organic pollutants that possess carcinogenic and mutagenic properties, so they may pose a risk to the environment and human health. In this study, the concentrations of 15 NPAHs and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 30 surface water samples and 26 sediment samples were measured in 2018 from the Taige Canal, one of the main rivers flowing into Taihu Lake, China. The total NPAH concentrations in water and sediment ranged from 14.7 to 235 ng/L and 22.9 to 96.5 ng/g dw, respectively. 9-nitrophenanthrene (nd–76.3 ng/L) was the dominant compound in surface water, while 2+3-nitrofluoranthene (1.73–18.1 ng/g dw) dominated in sediment. Among PAHs, concentration ranging from 1,097 to 2,981 ng/L and 1,089 to 4,489 ng/g dw in surface water and sediment, respectively. There was a strong positive correlation between the log octanol-water partition coefficient (K_ow) and log sediment-water partition coefficient due to hydrophobic interaction. The fugacity fraction value increased with the decrease of log K_ow, and chrysene was transferred from water into sediment. The residual NPAHs in surface water and sediment of the Taige Canal have partial correlation. Diesel engine and coal combustion emissions were probably the principal sources of NPAHs in surface water and sediment. The results of ecological risk assessment showed that some NPAHs in water (e.g, 1-nitropyrene and 6-nitrochrysene) and sediment (e.g., 2-nitrobiphenyl, 5-nitroacenaphthene, 9-nitrophenanthrene and 2+3-nitrofluoranthene) had moderate ecological risks, which should be of concern.     

可持续环境与发展规划的途径及其有效性

当人们对一些经典概念和模式，如经济最优化模式、生态最适模式、最低安全标准、承载力概念等提出疑问之后，环境与发展规划的方法论也随之面临着严峻的挑战。本文指出：①以经济最优化和生态最适模式指导规划都是非常局限和困难的，规划决不是一个环境和经济决定论的过程，而是一个可辩护的过程；②环境可能会对发展产生所谓的“顶极的”“绝对的”制约，对此，规划必须服从。但是，这种“顶极的”和“绝对的”界线是很难确切定义的，也往往是难以操作的，因而其在环境与发展规划中的意义是相当有限的。必须寻找一些新的有效的战略使规划过程具有可辩护性和可操作性。如何寻求和设计这种辩护战略是可持续发展规划方法论的一个重要领域。生态安全格局途径正是在这一方向上所做的努力。     

五大连池水体中氮素分布及规律的初步研究

分析了2009年9月至2010年10月五大连池水体的总氮、氨氮、硝氮3项指标.得出水体氮素的年度变化规律及相关性,即总氮和氨氮、氨态氮与硝态氮两组指标的相关性很高,总氮与硝态氮之间相关性较弱.3种指标都是冬季明显高于其他季节,总氮在春季最低随后升高,氨态氮和硝态氮在春夏秋季均维持较低水平,且结合3者变化规律,夏季和秋季...     

生物絮凝剂的研究与应用

介绍了近年来生物絮凝剂的研究和应用现状,详细总结了几种生物絮凝剂的絮凝机理,并对生物絮凝剂的分类进行了阐述,列举了生物絮凝剂的应用情况,文中还提到了近年来的研究新进展,特别是提到了复合型生物絮凝剂的研制情况,最后文章对未来生物絮凝剂的发展趋势进行了叙述.