Determination of vanillin in vanilla perfumes and air by capillary electrophoresis

The present study investigated capillary electrophoretic detection of vanillin in vanilla perfume and air. An UV-absorbance detector was used in a home-made capillary electrophoretic instrument. A fused silica capillary (outer diameter: 364μm, inner diameter: 50 m) was used as a separation capillary, and a high electric voltage (20 kV) was applied across the two ends of the capillary. Total length of the capillary was 70 cm, and the effective length was 55 cm. Experimental results showed that the vanillin peak was detected at about 600, 450, and 500 seconds when pH of running buffers in CE were 7.2, 9.3, and 11.5, respectively. The peak area of vanillin was proportional to its concentration in the range of 0-10^-2 mol/L. The detection limit was about 10^-5 mol/L. Vanillin concentration in a 1% vanilla perfume sample was determined to be about 3×10^-4 mol/L, agreed well with that obtained by a HPLC method. Furthermore, determination of vanillin in air by combination of CE and active carbon adsorption method was investigated.     

我国地震应急预案体系的现状分析

地震应急是地震救援工作的重要组成部分,科学的制订地震应急救援预案是做好应急工作的前提.本文分析了目前我国地震应急预案体系的现状,总结了地震应急预案体系中存在的问题,对于丰富和完善地震应急预案体系,使政府及社会高效、有序地做好应急响应,减少人员伤亡和财产损失具有重要的现实意义.     

我国环境侵权的立法缺陷与完善对策

分析我国环境侵权的立法缺陷，如在环境侵权的归责原则，环境侵权的责任方式以及环境权的法律地位等方面还不尽完善，合理，探讨环境立法中需建立和完善的相关制度，如团体放讼制度，行政救济体制，责任保险制度和国家赔偿制度等。     

Historical trends of heavy metal contamination and their sources in lacustrine sediment from Xijiu Lake, Taihu Lake Catchment, China

Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn and Hg in Xijiu Lake sediment from the Taihu Lake catchment, China, were analyzed. Their contamination state was investigated based on the geoaccumulation index and enrichment factors. Statistical analysis was used to differentiate the anthropogenic versus natural sources of heavy metals (HMs), and the anthropogenic accumulation fluxes were calculated to quantify anthropogenic contribution to HMs. The results indicated that the lake sediment had been heavily contaminated by Cd, enrichment of Zn and Hg was at a relatively high level, while that of Cu and Pb was in the lower-to-moderate level and Cr was in the low enrichment level. Sources of Cr in the sediment were mainly from natural inputs, while other metals, especially Cd, were predominantly derived from anthropogenic sources. In the past century, anthropogenic accumulation fluxes of Pb, Zn and Hg increased by 0.1-47.3 mg/(cm².yr), 2.4-398.1 mg/(cm².yr), and 3.7-110.3 ng/(m².yr), respectively, accounting for most inputs of HMs entering the sediment. The contamination state of HMs varied with industrial development of the catchment, which demonstrated that contamination started in the early 20th century, reached the maximal level between the mid-1970s and mid-1990s, and decreased a little after the implementation of constraints on high contamination industries, although the contamination of some HMs, such as Cd, Zn and Hg, is still at high levels.     

沉积物中六氯苯对颤蚓(淡水单孔蚓)的毒性效应研究

以淡水底栖动物颤蚓(淡水单孔蚓)为受试生物,研究了沉积物中六氯苯(HCB)对淡水单孔蚓14 d和28 d的毒性效应.结果表明,沉积物中HCB对颤蚓致死效应较低,当HCB浓度为190 mg· kg-,连续暴露28 d时,致死率低于8％.但HCB对颤蚓具有较强的慢性毒性效应,当HCB浓度为190 mg·kg-1,连续暴露28 d时,身体自断率高达90％,并且随着浓度升高和暴露时间延长,颤蚓自断率明显增高.HCB对颤蚓自断14 d和28 d的EC50分别为＞190 mg·kg-1和97.1 mg· kg-1.HCB对颤蚓行为(运动和挖掘)产生明显抑制作用.随着HCB浓度增加和暴露时间延长,颤蚓运动强度减弱,并伴随摄食量减少与体重减轻现象.     

The effects of autophagy on vascular endothelial cells induced by airborne PM2.5

The purpose of this study was to examine the direct toxicity of PM2.5 collected from Beijing on human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC). A Cell Counting Kit 8(CCK8) assay demonstrated that PM2.5 exposure decreased the proliferation of HUVECs in a dosedependent manner. We also found that PM2.5 exposure induced autophagy in HUVECs, as evidenced by:(1) an increased number of double-membrane vesicles;(2) enhanced conversion and punctuation of the microtubule-associated protein light chain 3(LC3); and(3) decreased levels of the selective autophagy substrate p62 in a time-dependent manner.Furthermore, promoting autophagy in PM2.5-exposed HUVECs with rapamycin increased the cell survival rate, whereas inhibiting autophagy via 3-methyladenine significantly decreased cell survival. These results demonstrate that PM2.5 exposure can induce cytotoxicity and autophagy in HUVECs and that autophagy play a protective role against PM2.5-induced cytotoxicity. The findings of the present study imply a direct toxic effect of PM2.5 on HUVECs and provide novel insight into the mechanism of cardiovascular diseases caused by PM2.5 exposure.     

垃圾填埋场有机污染物的生物降解机理

概述了垃圾填埋场中微生物的作用特性，微生物对有机污染物的降解及其影响因素，介绍了有机污染物降解的两种生化动力学模型：“速度指数模型”和“双曲线速度模型”，以及垃圾降解的动力学方程。     

电梯电动机运转时间限制器检验新方法的探讨

随着电梯的广泛使用,钢丝绳断丝、断股导致的事故时有发生,电梯电动机运转时间限制器的重要性越来越凸显出来。针对电梯电动机运转时间限制器落后的检验现状,根据实际现场检验经验,通过分析电梯的控制原理,总结了一种新的检验方法,该方法安全性高,实用性强,操作方便。     

有机磷酸酯诱导迟发性神经毒性及其对神经毒性酯酶（NTE）活性影响的动态研究

以成年产卵来航母鸡为试验动物，研究了三甲基苯基磷酸酯（Ｔｒｉ－ｏ－ＣｒｅｓｙｌＰｈｏｓ－ｐｈａｔｅ，ＴＯＣＰ）诱导的迟发性神经毒性．试验发现，母鸡口服ＴＯＣＰ（７５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）后，经过大约８－１０ｄ的潜伏期开始出现中毒症状，其表现为以步态失调为主要特征的运动障碍呈进行性加重，至第２１ｄ开始便发展为瘫痪，对鸡脑神经病损靶标酯酶（ＮｅｕｒｏｐａｔｈｙＴａｒｇｅｔＥｎｚｙｍｅ，ＮＴＥ）活性的测定表明，有机械诱导的迟发性神经毒性（Ｏｒｇａｎｏｐｈｏｓｐｈａｔｅ－ＩｎｄｕｃｅｄＤｅｌａｙｅｄＰｏｌｙｎｅｕｒｏｐａｔｈｙ，ＯＰＩＤＰ）与ＮＴＥ活性抑制之间的关系不平行，其毒性症状的轻重与ＮＴＥ活性被抑制的强弱也不呈正相关，很可能，在给药后２４ｈ，体内ＯＰＩＤＰ已被触发，此外，实验观察到给予ＴＯＣＰ后被试鸡的体重明显下降。     

CVM法对长江口海洋生态价值的评价应用

运用CVM法探讨评价长江口海洋生态价值,结合长江口海洋产业的发展与生态环境实际,模拟市场条件进行主观意愿评价,阐述CVM法在长江口海洋生态价值评价应用中的可行性和有效性的同时,对CVM法使用时产生的偏差提出解决的方法,为长江口海洋产业绿色GDP核算提供科学方法和依据。