硝化菌与膜生物反应器结合处理生活污水中氨氮

研究了硝化菌与膜生物反应器结合处理生活污水中氨氮，实验用水采用食堂与化粪池混合水，实验装置采用膜生物反应器，进水氨氮在4mg／L左右，出水氨氮值接近0，实验结果表明出水能够达到国家工业冷却回用水的指标要求，同时COD也降至30mg／L以下，能满足回用要求。     

钙镁试剂-示波计时电位法快速测定天然水中不同形态铝

采用钙镁试剂 (CLG) 示波计时电位法 ,分别在中性和碱性条件下直接检测天然水中的无机单核铝 [Ali]和总单核铝 [Ala]浓度 .并用该法测定了酸消化水样中的总铝 [AlT],由 [Ala]-[Ali]间接得到有机单核铝 [Alo],[AlT]-[Ala]得到酸溶态铝 [Alr],从而实现了水中五种Al形态的电化学测定 .实验结果表明 :在pH9 0的 0 5mol·1 - 1KCl+ 0 1mol·1 - 1Na2 B4 O7缓冲溶液中 ,CLG切口为Ep1=-0 75V ,加入铝后出现新切口 ,Ep2 =-0 90V ,检测线性范围为 8× 1 0 - 6— 4× 1 0 - 5mol·1 - 1,检测下限为 6× 1 0 - 7mol·1 - 1,在 3× 1 0 - 5mol·1 - 1Al时 ,相对标准偏差为 4 8% (n =1 0 ) .在中性条件下测定的是无机单核铝 ,而在碱性条件下则是总单核铝 (包括无机单核铝和有机单核铝两部分 ) .     

Scenarios of major terrestrial ecosystems in China

The spatial pattern and mean-center shift of major terrestrial ecosystems, termed Holdridge Life Zones (HLZ), during the periods from 1961 to 1990 (T1), from 2010 to 2039 (T2), from 2040 to 2069 (T3) and from 2070 to 2099 (T4) were analyzed by combining the zonal patterns of climatic change in China and the climatic change scenarios of HadCM2 and HadCM3. The results showed that nival area would decrease rapidly with temperature increase in the future. HadCM2 and HadCM3 predicted that the nival areas might disappear in 552 years and 204 years, respectively. Using both HadCM2 and HadCM3, the five HLZ types with the largest areal extent are nival zone, cool temperate moist forest, warm temperate moist forest, subtropical moist forest and boreal wet forest, which collectively account for more than 50% of China's land mass. Among these five HLZ types, nival zone, warm temperate moist forest and boreal wet forest would decrease continuously, whereas subtropical moist forest and cool temperate forest would increase continuously during the four periods. HLZ diversity and patch connectivity would increase continuously in the 21st century. The shift distances of mean centers of HLZ types simulated using HadCM3 were markedly greater than those simulated using HadCM2, in general. The results from both HadCM2 and HadCM3 showed that boreal wet forest, subtropical moist forest, tropical dry forest, warm temperate moist forest and subtropical wet forest had bigger shift ranges, indicating that these HLZ types are more sensitive to the climatic change scenarios of HadCM2 and HadCM3.     

一种赤腹松鼠种群数量的估计方法

赤腹松鼠剥食树皮的行为对林木危害严重,根据野外长期的观察和研究发现,赤腹松鼠在剥落树皮上遗留下来的上门齿齿印间距具有个体差异,可以用作个体识别的依据.对2003年监测样地内赤腹松鼠在剥落树皮上的齿印间距测量记录,并统计分析以估计赤腹松鼠的个体数量.结果表明:种群数量与危害率的相关系数为0.876,P=0.01,表现出很强的正相关关系;显示在较小面积内,该方法可以用来估计赤腹松鼠的个体数量.同时对该方法的基本条件和局限进行了讨论.图2表4参10     

土壤遥感分类识别专家系统的结构设计

介绍了土壤遥感分类识别专家系统的设计原理与实现方法，阐述了土壤遥感分类识别专家系统的土壤分类决策判断树的构造原理，讨论了土壤遥感分类识别专家知识表示的基本原则和系统知识库中专家知识的组织方式，以及专家系统推理机的设计原理和推理规则的构建方法。系统采用压缩编码方式存储地学专题图形和遥感图像数据，具有数据与图像的存储更新、查询检索、分析处理、特征提取和信息输出等功能。该系统可以对遥感图像进行土壤类型的分类识别，并对分类精度进行监测与评价。用该系统对新疆天山北麓阜康试验区的土壤分类识别进行了试验研究，并对试验结果进行了讨论与评价。     

水生态修复对莲花湖底栖动物群落的影响

武汉莲花湖是典型的富营养化城市浅水湖泊．通过对其进行16mo的监测后发现，治理后的小莲花湖比大莲花湖水质有明显改善．监测期间小莲花湖底栖动物密度和生物量均值明显高于大莲花湖，Shannon多样性指数与Margalef多样性指数也高于大莲花湖．将大、小莲花湖的10种环境因子和底栖动物密度进行典型相关分析后，发现总磷、温度、总氮、叶绿素a、氨离子是对底栖动物群落具有显著性影响的环境因子．图8表3参20.     

Ökologische Situation der Region Leipzig-Halle

The deposition of heavy metals bound to air dust and their ecological effects depend, to a large degree, on particle size, which influences the transport processes in the environment. To estimate the size range of the particles mainly taken up by the pine needles, concentration gradients along a sector leeward of Leipzig were modelled according toGauss plume calculations. The results show that the aerodynamic size is between 1 and 10 μm. Particles of this size range can be taken up by lungs and, thus, have a particular toxicological relevance.     

苯酚胁迫下罗非鱼组织中过氧化氢酶与谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶的动态变化

以奥尼杂交罗非鱼(Oreochromisaureus♂×Oreochromisniloticus♀)为试验鱼类,研究了其暴露于不同质量浓度苯酚后组织中过氧化氢酶CAT和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶GST活性的动态变化。结果表明,罗非鱼肌肉和肝脏组织中的CAT正常值分别为8.56±0.2U·mg-1和15.48±0.1U·mg-1,GST的正常值分别为4.39±0.20U·mg-1和13.30±0.31U·mg-1,均是肝脏组织高于肌肉组织。采用不同质量浓度的苯酚处理罗非鱼25d,除了0.002mg·L-1质量浓度组罗非鱼体内CAT和GST与对照组相比无显著差异外,其余各质量浓度组的CAT和GST均发生了明显的变化,两者的变化趋势相近。CAT的变化规律为低质量浓度组先升高后降低,高质量浓度组不断下降。即低质量浓度苯酚对罗非鱼体内的CAT具有一定的诱导作用,而高质量浓度表现为抑制作用,可使鱼体内的CAT失活,且这种变化幅度肝脏比肌肉大。GST的变化规律为先升高后降低,即苯酚对罗非鱼体内的GST具有先诱导后抑制的作用。研究表明,0.002mg·L-1质量浓度以下的苯酚对罗非鱼没有生化毒性影响,罗非鱼组织中的CAT和GST可作为生物标志物来评价酚类污染物对鱼类的生化毒性。