水产品中甲氰菊酯残留的ELISA快速检测

为快速检测水产品中甲氰菊酯的残留,应用水溶性碳化二亚胺(EDC)法将甲氰菊酸与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和卵清蛋白(OVA)偶联,合成了甲氰菊酯的人工免疫抗原和包被抗原.免疫抗原经紫外扫描和聚丙烯酰胺电泳验证构建成功,用此抗原免疫试验兔子,获得了甲氰菊酯的多克隆抗体.经检测,抗体对甲氰菊酯具有较好的特异性和灵敏性.在此基础上建立了水产品中甲氰菊酯残留的间接ELISA检测法.理想的甲氰菊酯-OVA包被抗原质量浓度为1.6 mg/L,酶标二抗(羊抗兔IgG-HRP)的稀释度为1∶1000,多抗的稀释度为1∶3 200,最适检测范围为20～200 μg/kg,在实际样品检测时的最低检出限为20 μg/kg,接近或达到气相色谱法的测定水平,但检测速度大大提高,可在3 h内完成近百个样品的分析,适合甲氰菊酯的快速检测.     

基于BP神经网络的煤层自燃预测

在全面分析影响煤层自燃因素的基础上,建立了煤层自燃预测的人工神经网络模型.应用该模型对某煤田的多个煤层样本进行了训练和预测,网络经过10次训练后,误差达到设定的最小值,6次预测测试中最大误差仅为0.027 8,最小的为0.000 1.研究表明,该模型精度较高,可用于预测煤层自燃的实际应用.     

催化剂Ru/ZrO2-CeO2催化湿式氧化苯酚

催化剂Ru/ZrO₂-CeO₂催化湿式氧化苯酚的过程表明,Ru/ZrO₂-CeO₂可以显著提高COD和苯酚去除效果,当反应温度为170℃,压力为3 MPa,反应120 min后,COD和苯酚的去除率分别达到了99％和100％.试验还考察了不同反应条件对苯酚溶液COD去除的影响,并获得了最优的反应条件：温度为170℃,压力为3 MPa,催化剂的投加量为5　g/Ｌ,搅拌速度为500 r/min.通过对中间产物的分析,本研究提出了催化湿式氧化苯酚的简单路径图,认为苯酚首先被氧化成小分子有机酸,接着小分子有机酸被氧化成二氧化碳和水.前一个过程是快速反应,后一个过程中的乙酸氧化是慢速过程,需要在高温下才能完成.乙酸的氧化主要是自由基攻击α碳上的C—H键,先生成甲酸,并最终生成二氧化碳和水.     

Kinetics of selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3 on Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst

The catalyst of Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 has been found to be more active than Fe-ZSM-5 and Mo/ZSM-5 separately for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitric oxide (NO) with NH3. The kinetics of the SCR reaction in the presence of O2 was studied in this work. The results show that the observed reaction orders were 0.74-0.99, 0.01-0.13, and 0 for NO, O2 and NH3, respectively, at 350-450℃. And the apparent activation energy of the SCR was 65 kJ/mol on the Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst. The SCR mechanism was also deduced. Adsorbed NO species can react directly with adsorbed ammonia species on the active sites to form N2 and H2O. Gaseous O2 might serve as a reoxidizing agent for the active sites that have undergone reduction in the SCR process. It is also important to note that a certain amount of NO was decomposed directly over the Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst in the absence of NH3.     

如何建立多层次HSE管理体系的PDCA循环模式

PDCA循环模式是HSE管理体系运行的最基本方式,也是实现体系绩效螺旋式上升的重要手段.在体系运行的过程中,经过PDCA等各个环节以及各环节涉及到的诸多要素的不断发展与完善,体系的目标与方针得以实现.从管理体系实际运行的角度来看,整个体系运行过程中的PDCA循环又可以分为以下层次:单要素间某几个管理方面的相互影响与作用;几个要素之间形成的PDCA循环;大部分要素(关键要素)之间的作用;整个体系的PDCA循环.这几层次的循环模式也是相互交叉相互作用的.现以表1所涉及的工作为例,探讨这几个层次PDCA循环的相关性.     

从一起爆炸事故谈作业安全票证(单)的管理

从一起爆炸事故的原因--没有办理设备检修许可证,分析了使用作业安全票证(单)存在的问题,提出了加强作业安全票证(单)管理措施.     

红枫湖钻孔沉积物中滴滴涕的沉积记录

采用GC/MS方法分析了红枫湖钻孔沉积物中滴滴涕的垂直分布状况,并对其来源和生态风险进行了分析和评估.红枫湖钻孔沉积物中滴滴涕的含量介于7.6～23.7ng/g之间,且从底层至表层基本上呈下降的趋势.其中,1981～1983年间有一个急剧下降的过程,随后基本上呈缓慢下降的趋势.沉积物中滴滴涕的组成以p,p′-DDTs(p,p′-DDT、p,p′-DDE和p,p′-DDD的总和)为主,p,p′-DDTs与o,p′-DDTs(o,p′-DDT、o,p′-DDE和o,p′-DDD总和)的比值在5.1～8.4之间,说明沉积物中的滴滴涕主要来源于农药滴滴涕的残留.又因为沉积物中残留的滴滴涕是以它的代谢产物为主,DDT/(DDD+DDE)的比值为0.31～0.84,所以沉积物中的滴滴涕主要源于历史的残留.此外,DDT/(DDD+DDE)和DDE/DDD比值的垂直变化特征显示,尽管我国1983年就禁止了滴滴涕在农业上的使用,但直至1990年前后,红枫湖流域内仍存在滴滴涕使用的可能.风险评价的结果显示,红枫湖表层沉积物中DDE、DDD、DDT和DDTs的含量均介于ERL和ERM值之间,可能造成潜在的生态风险,因此红枫湖沉积物中滴滴涕的污染仍值得密切关注.     

Cranial shape transformation in the evolution of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)

In this study, landmark-based methods of geometric morphometrics are used for investigating the main aspects of cranial shape transformation in the evolution of the giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca. Specifically, we explore if the highly derived cranial adaptations for bamboo feeding of the living panda were developed early in the panda's lineage. Results obtained show that the overall cranial morphologies of the oldest known panda, the "pygmy" Ailuropoda microta, and the late Pleistocene Ailuropoda baconi are both very similar to that of their closest living relative, A. melanoleuca, which agrees with a previous proposal based on qualitative criteria. However, we also describe several differences between the crania of A. microta, A. baconi, and A. melanoleuca, including the development of the postorbital process, the orientation of the occipital region, and the expansion of the braincase. As a result, the cranial morphology of A. microta shows a less specialized morphology toward a fibrous and durophagous diet compared to the giant panda. These results are confirmed by a comparative analysis of the dimensions of the upper teeth in bears, which has revealed differences in relative tooth size between A. microta and A. melanoleuca, most probably as a result of mosaic evolution. Therefore, we conclude that cranial shape did not remain essentially uniform in the Ailuropoda lineage, as previously thought, but underwent a number of changes during more than 2?Myr.     

水钠锰矿的Mn（Ⅲ）分布及Na4P2O7溶液处理对其铅吸附性能的影响

以深入理解水钠锰矿结构中低价锰离子的含量及分布对其铅吸附性能的影响为目的,通过不同pH（pH为2、4、5）的焦磷酸钠溶液络合浸提酸性水钠锰矿结构中的Mn（Ⅱ）和Mn（Ⅲ）,研究了浸提锰离子的形态、含量、矿物的锰平均氧化度和Pb2＋的吸附量及其伴随Mn2＋、H＋释放量的变化.结果表明,锰平均氧化度为3.670的酸性水钠锰...     

外加淀粉酶预处理污泥厌氧发酵产氢研究

通过外加淀粉酶预处理剩余污泥,考察了淀粉酶对污泥的破解效果,研究了接种产氢菌(Enterococcus sp.LG1)和未接种产氢菌两种状况下,污泥厌氧发酵产氢效果,并与相应温度(60℃)热预处理污泥的发酵产氢效果进行对比,同时分析探讨了污泥发酵产氢过程中底物和pH值的变化.结果表明,淀粉酶预处理污泥4h后水解效果最佳...