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81.
Density functional theory (DFT) has been used to investigate the reaction pathways with steam reforming of glycerol under cold plasma conditions. Total energies, energy barriers, and reaction enthalpies at 298.15 K have been calculated at the GGA/PW91/DNP level. The calculation shows that, with the presence of steam, the energy barrier of glycerol conversion is reduced and the conversion from glycerol to H2 and CO is promoted under cold plasma conditions. The formation of syngas was through a multi-step pathway via the conversion of OHCH2CHOH, CH2OH, CH2O, HCO,·and CH3, while the recombination of H generated extra H2. The synthesis of hydrocarbons are from the recombination of·CH3,·CH2, and·CH, which could be primarily generated through glycerol dissociation. The structure of glycerol anion was also studied in this work, and it was less stable than the neutral molecule. The route for the formation of OHCH2CHOH·and CH2OH·from glycerol anion is thermodynamically favorable. 相似文献
82.
Shumiao Cao Wenke Wang Fei Wang Jun Zhang Zhoufeng Wang Shenke Yang Quanhong Xue 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(15):14898-14907
Microbe-assisted phytoremediation provides an effective approach to clean up heavy metal-contaminated soils. However, severe drought may affect the function of microbes in arid/semi-arid areas. Streptomyces pactum Act12 is a drought-tolerant soil actinomycete strain isolated from an extreme environment on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. In this study, pot experiments were conducted to assess the effect of Act12 on Cd tolerance, uptake, and accumulation in amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) under water deficit. Inoculated plants had higher Cd concentrations (root 8.7–33.9 %; shoot 53.2–102.1 %) and uptake (root 19.9–95.3 %; shoot 110.6–170.1 %) than non-inoculated controls in Cd-treated soil. The translocation factor of Cd from roots to shoots was increased by 14.2–75 % in inoculated plants, while the bioconcentration factor of Cd in roots and shoots was increased by 10.2–64.4 and 53.9–114.8 %, respectively. Moreover, inoculation with Act12 increased plant height, root length, and shoot biomass of amaranth in Cd-treated soil compared to non-inoculated controls. Physiochemical analysis revealed that Act12 enhanced Cd tolerance in the plants by increasing glutathione, elevating superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, as well as reducing malondialdehyde content in the leaves. The drought-tolerant actinomycete strain Act12 can enhance the phytoremediation efficiency of amaranth for Cd-contaminated soils under water deficit, exhibiting potential for application in arid and semi-arid areas. 相似文献
83.
Ionic composition of TSP and PM2.5 during dust storms and air pollution episodes at Xi'an,China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zhenxing Shen Junji Cao Richard Arimoto Zhiwei Han Renjian Zhang Yuemei Han Suixin Liu Tomoaki Okuda Shunsuke Nakao Shigeru Tanaka 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(18):2911-2918
TSP and PM2.5 samples were collected at Xi'an, China during dust storms (DSs) and several types of pollution events, including haze, biomass burning, and firework displays. Aerosol mass concentrations were up to 2 times higher during the particulate matter (PM) events than on normal days (NDs), and all types of PM led to decreased visibility. Water-soluble ions (Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, F?, Cl?, NO3?, and SO42?). were major aerosol components during the pollution episodes, but their concentrations were lower during DSs. NH4+, K+, F?, Cl?, NO3?, and SO42? were more abundant in PM2.5 than TSP but the opposite was true for Mg2+ and Ca2+. PM collected on hazy days was enriched with secondary species (NH4+, NO3?, and SO42) while PM from straw combustion showed high K+ and Cl?. Firework displays caused increases in K+ and also enrichments of NO3? relative to SO42?. During DSs, the concentrations of secondary aerosol components were low, but Ca2+ was abundant. Ion balance calculations indicate that PM from haze and straw combustion was acidic while the DSs samples were alkaline and the fireworks' PM was close to neutral. Ion ratios (SO42?/K+, NO3?/SO42?, and Cl?/K+) proved effective as indicators for different pollution episodes. 相似文献
84.
Jun-Ji Cao Bai-Qing Xu Jian-Qiao He Xian-Qin Liu Yong-Ming Han Ge-hui Wang Chong-shu Zhu 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(29):4444-4452
Carbonaceous aerosol concentrations were determined for total suspended particle samples collected from Muztagh Ata Mountain in western China from December 2003 to February 2006. Elemental carbon (EC) varied from 0.004 to 0.174 μg m?3 (average = 0.055 μg m?3) while organic carbon (OC) ranged from 0.12 to 2.17 μg m?3 and carbonate carbon (CC) from below detection to 3.57 μg m?3. Overall, EC was the least abundant fraction of carbonaceous species, and the EC concentrations approached those in some remote polar areas, possibly representing a regional background. Low EC and OC concentrations occurred in winter and spring while high CC in spring and summer was presumably due to dust from the Taklimakan desert, China. OC/EC ratios averaged 10.0, and strong correlations between OC and EC in spring–winter suggest their cycles are coupled, but lower correlations in summer–autumn suggest influences from biogenic OC emissions and secondary OC formation. Trajectory analyses indicate that air transported from outside of China brings ~0.05 μg m?3 EC, ~0.42 μg m?3 OC, and ~0.10 μg m?3 CC to the site, with higher levels coming from inside China. The observed EC was within the range of loadings estimated from a glacial ice core, and implications of EC-induced warming for regional climate and glacial ice dynamics are discussed. 相似文献
85.
86.
脉冲电晕反应器结构对乙硫醇消除效果的影响 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
研究了脉冲电晕等离子体反应器结构的变化对乙硫醇消除效果的影响规律。结果表明,在反应器内设置折流板,可以增加气流的湍动程度,有利于活性粒子与污染物的充分接触,从而提高消除率。高压电极间距对电晕区范围及消毒效果有较大影响,间距较小将导致各电极产生的电场相互干扰明显,消除率减小;而电极间距过大,虽然电极间电场分布相互干扰小,但是反应器内可排布的电极数减少,总电晕区减少,消除率也减小。根据实验结果,电极间距设置为50 mm比较合理。另外,在相同的电场强度和脉冲频率下,毛刺形高压电极比线电极结构能耗低,能量利用率高。 相似文献
87.
1,4-二氯苯降解菌的分离及其降解特性研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
从某污水处理曝气池的活性污泥中分离出一株能够以1,4-二氯苯为唯一碳源和能源生长的菌株DEB-1,通过形态特征和生理生化试验初步鉴定为黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium sp.)。实验结果表明,该菌株最适降解温度为32℃、最适降解pH为7.8,24 h对100 mg/L的1,4-二氯苯的降解率达94.5%。菌株DEB-1的降解谱较广,对5种氯苯类物质具有较高的降解率。并进一步研究了DEB-1的1,4-二氯苯降解酶粗酶液的性质,其最适反应温度和pH分别为30℃和8.5。对处理含氯代芳香化合物的有机废水具有一定的意义。 相似文献
88.
基于GIS的耕地土壤重金属污染与农业功能定位研究——以山东省聊城市为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
按8km×8km的网格将聊城市耕地分为137个采样点,调查砷、镉、铬、铜、汞、镍、铅、锌等重金属的污染状况。采用国家土壤环境质量标准、农产品安全质量标准和绿色食品产地环境条件作为评价标准,采用单因子指数和综合指数为评价方法进行污染评价。研究表明,聊城市土壤污染强度依次为铜〉镍〉锌〉砷〉铬〉镉〉铅〉汞,但均未超标。以GIS为操作平台显示聊城市重金属空间分布状况,并对区域耕地进行了功能的定位。聊城市西南部土壤质量最优,适宜种植绿色食品;无公害蔬菜和安全粮食种植区在各县市均有不同程度的分布。 相似文献
89.
90.
本文从现代防火安全观出发,分析了洁净厂房的火灾特点,依据海因里希的因果链锁理论,构建了建筑火灾损失的数学函数,提出洁净厂房的消防安全技术系统和管理系统。 相似文献