Semi-closed synthesis of nitrogen and oxygen Co-doped mesoporous carbon for selective aqueous oxidation

Heteroatom-doped meso/micro-porous carbon materials are conventionally produced by harsh carbonization under an inert atmosphere involving specific precursors, hard/soft templates, and heteroatom-containing agents. Herein, we report a facile synthesis of N and O co-doped meso/micro-porous carbon (NOMC) by template-free carbonization of a small-molecule precursor in a semi-closed system. The semi-closed carbonizaiton process yields hydrophilic NOMCs with large surface area in a high yield. The porous structure as well as the elemental composition of NOMCs can be modulated by changing the holding time at a particular temperature. NOMCs as metal-free heterogeneous catalysts can selectively oxidize benzyl alcohol and its derivatives into aldehydes/ketones with>85％conversion in aqueous solution, which is much higher than that of the control sample obtained in tube furnace (21％conversion), mainly due to their high N content, high percentage of pyridinic N, and large surface area. The presence of O-containing moieties also helps to improve the hydrophilicity and dispersion ability of catalysts and thus facilitates the mass transfer process during aqueous oxidation. The NOMC catalysts also dispayed excellent activity for a wide range of substrates with a selectivity of>99％.     

同源四倍体水稻变异胚囊分类及结实性影响因素

以秋水仙素加倍的同源四倍体水稻三系株系具有高比率的变异胚囊.各种胚囊变异类型在抽穗前1～2 d的主穗和第一分蘖穗中出现频繁,造成正常胚囊的比率大幅降低.按变异胚囊的结构特点和形成方式,变异胚囊分为4种类型:退化型、结构变异型、无融合生殖型和反足细胞增殖型.退化型胚囊包括小胚囊和完全退化胚囊,前者仍有较小的胚囊腔而后者胚囊腔缺失;结构变异包括八核七细胞结构的缺失、重复和位置异常,反映了蓼型胚囊典型结构不同形式的变异;无融合生殖胚囊发生比率极低,主要包括反足胚和卵细胞胚;反足细胞的增殖比较频繁,这导致四倍体胚囊的多样性进一步增加,也对结实性带来一定影响.相关分析表明,同源四倍体水稻结实主要来自3部分:正常胚囊、正常型小胚囊和反足细胞增殖型胚囊.这3种胚囊可能具有较好的育性,其对结实率的贡献程度分别为正常蓼型胚囊的72.44%,正常型小胚囊的15.12%,反足细胞增殖型胚囊的12.44%;完全退化型胚囊和位置异常型胚囊对结实率分别表现出显著和极显著的负相关,表明二者可能是结实性的抑制因素.图2表2参24     

甘氨酸母液脱色废活性炭的微波-Fenton试剂氧化法再生

采用微波-Fenton试剂氧化法对甘氨酸母液脱色过程中产生的废活性炭进行再生,考察了废活性炭再生率的影响因素,并用SEM对再生活性炭进行了表征.实验结果表明,在Fenton试剂中n(H2O2)∶n(Fe2+)为24∶1、H2O2的浓度为25 mmol/L、溶液pH为3、反应温度为55℃、反应时间为18 min、微波功率为600 W时,废活性炭的再生率可达到75.80％.     

面对WTO，中国企业营销策略亟待“绿化”

文章从中国企业适应世界大市场的消费热点出发,论述了企业产品、营销活动和企业形象进行“绿化”的重要性。     

城区锅炉房噪声控制技术探讨

本文对城区锅炉房噪声的控制技术进行了分析,根据实际城区锅炉房噪声治理经验,对目前治理过程中常出现的问题,设计方案的优化配置进行了讨论。     

咸宁市桂花旅游资源开发利用研究

根据对咸宁市桂花旅游资源开发利用条件的分析评价,提出咸宁市旅游业的发展应以开发其特有的优势资源“桂花”为先导,并结合其它旅游资源的开发配置,逐步形成集桂花观赏、文化、娱乐、科研、生态及商品生产为一体的桂花旅游资源发展模式。     

Rhizosphere effect of different aquatic plants on phosphorus depletion

A series of pot experiments with Alternanthera philoxeroides, Typha latifolia, Sagittaria sagittifolia and Phragmites communis were conducted to assess the phosphorus depletion effect in the rhizosphere. The ratio of root to shoot, root morphology, phosphorus uptake efficiency and phosphorus utilization efficiency were analyzed. An obvious variation in phosphorus concentrations between the rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil was observed. The water-soluble P contents in the rhizosphere soil of A. philoxeroides, T. latifolia, S. sagittifolia and P. communis were reduced by 81%, 42%, 18% and 16%, respectively, compared with that in the non-rhizosphere soil. A. philoxeroides had the highest phosphorus uptake efficiency (1.32 mg/m), while T. latifolia achieved the effective phosphorus depletion by the strong rooting system and the high phosphorus uptake efficiency (0.52 mg/m). T. latifolia not only used phosphorus to produce biomass economically, but also adjusted carbon allocation to the roots to explore the soil for more available phosphorus. A. philoxeroides and T. latifolia were more effective in depleting phosphorus in the rhizosphere than S. sagittifolia and P. communis.     

珠江三角洲城市墙壁植物资源及其应用

墙壁植物对城市绿化和改良生态环境具有重要价值.调查表明珠江三角洲城市墙壁植物共有94种,隶属于42科,76属,主要集中在菊科、禾本科、桑科、茜草科、凤尾蕨科、大戟科,部分植物为彩叶植物,其中分布数量较多有29种,以桑科和菊科最为突出,具有较强的适应能力.然后对墙壁植物的耐旱性、观赏性、应用进行了分析和评价,结果表明耐旱强的种类有29种,观赏性较高的种类有56种;最后对墙壁植物在墙面和围墙绿化提出了一些建议.     

中国竹林生态系统的碳储量

利用中国4次森林资源清查资料以及中国森林生态定位观测研究站(CFERN)的观测数据,估算了中国1977-2003年期间4个时期竹林生态系统的碳储量,并对其垂直分配结构特征、时空动态格局和贮碳潜力进行了分析.竹林的总碳储量结果为1977-1981年期间537.6Mt C,1984-1988年期问598.61Mt C,1994-1998年期间710.14 Mt C,1999-2003年期间837.92Mt C,期间浙江、江西、福建、湖南、广东和四川六省是中国竹林碳库的主要组成部分,占80.04%-83.13%.垂直分配结构基本相似,植被层占总碳储量的23.84%～24.49%,枯落物层占0.93%～0.96%,土壤层占的74.55%～75.23%.1999-2003年期间中国竹林生态系统碳素现存量为837.92 Mt C,10年后贮碳量将达到837.92 Mt C,并以C 54.81Mt·a-1.的平均积累速率递增.