Ag~+改性复合钛铌酸钾盐对二甲基硫醚和乙硫醇吸附与光催化氧化研究

采用高温固相法合成具有不同Nb/Ti摩尔比的复合钛铌酸钾盐,通过Ag+离子交换对其进行改性。在静态下评价了Ag+改性复合钛铌酸钾盐对二甲基硫醚(DMS)和乙硫醇(EM)的吸附与紫外光催化氧化作用,使用红外光谱技术对催化剂表面滞留物种进行表征。结果表明,Ag+改性复合钛铌酸钾盐对DMS的吸附作用力比EM弱。随着Nb/Ti摩尔比增加,Ag+改性复合钛铌酸钾盐对EM的吸附作用力增强。在紫外光辐射下,Ag+改性的复合钛铌酸钾盐将DMS氧化为亚砜、砜和硫酸盐,而EM则被氧化为磺酸和单齿硫酸盐。     

竹炭-微生物联合法对沼液中氨氮的去除

采用竹炭-微生物联合法,考察了竹炭用量、菌液用量、进水氨氮浓度、pH、DO、HRT等因素对氨氮废水处理效果的影响;同时采用对比实验,初步探讨了竹炭-微生物联合法处理沼液的作用机理。结果表明,竹炭-微生物法去除沼液氨氮的最优条件推荐为:竹炭用量30 g/L,微生物活性液用量3%,pH 7.0～8.0,DO为2 mg/L,HRT为48 h。竹炭-微生物法对沼液氨氮的去除过程可用一级反应动力学模型C=272.56e-0.0148描述,其去除效果来源于竹炭吸附和生物降解的协同作用,协同程度为48.45%。     

环渤海湾诸河口水质现状的分析

根据对环渤海湾诸河口实地采集的12个水样进行的重金属、砷、总氮和总磷含量分析，发现环渤海湾诸河口水污染严重，多超过地表水V类标准，主要污染物质为Hg、N和P，其他污染物含量均在地表水H类标准以内。其中海河口处的Hg含量在20年间增加了10倍左右。诸河口水体中N和P含量均达到水体富营养化危险负荷，可见陆源污染是渤海湾富营养化日趋严重、赤潮日趋增多的主要原因。     

Estimation and characterization of unintentionally produced persistent organic pollutant emission from converter steelmaking processes

Unintentionally produced persistent organic pollutants (UP-POPs) including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) were characterized and quantified in stack gas and fly ash from the second ventilation systems in five typical converters in five different steelmaking plants. The 2378-substituted PCDD/Fs (2378-PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like PCB (dl-PCBs) toxic equivalents (TEQs) were 1.84–10.3 pg WHO-TEQ Nm^?3 in the stack gas and 5.59–87.6 pg WHO-TEQ g^?1 in the fly ash, and the PCN TEQs were 0.06–0.56 pg TEQ Nm^?3 in the stack gas and 0.03–0.08 pg TEQ g^?1 in the fly ash. The concentrations of UP-POPs in the present study were generally lower than those in other metallurgical processes, such as electric arc furnaces, iron ore sintering, and secondary metallurgical processes. Adding scrap metal might increase UP-POP emissions, indicating that raw material composition was a key influence on emissions. HxCDF, HpCDF, OCDF, HpCDD, and OCDD were the dominant PCDD/Fs in the stack gas and fly ash. TeCB and PeCB were dominant in the stack gas, but HxCB provided more to the total PCB concentrations in the fly ash. The lower chlorinated PCNs were dominant in all of the samples. The 2378-PCDD/F, dl-PCB, and PCN emission factors in stack gases from the steelmaking converter processes (per ton of steel produced) were 1.88–2.89, 0.14–0.76_, and 229–759 μg t^?1, respectively.     

Comparative quantification of oxygen release by wetland plants: electrode technique and oxygen consumption model

Understanding oxygen release by plants is important to the design of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment. Lab-scale systems planted with Phragmites australis were studied to evaluate the amount of oxygen release by plants using electrode techniques and oxygen consumption model. Oxygen release rate (0.14 g O₂/m²/day) measured using electrode techniques was much lower than that (3.94–25.20 gO₂/m²/day) calculated using the oxygen consumption model. The results revealed that oxygen release by plants was significantly influenced by the oxygen demand for the degradation of pollutants, and the oxygen release rate increased with the rising of the concentration of degradable materials in the solution. The summary of the methods in qualifying oxygen release by wetland plants demonstrated that variations existed among different measuring methods and even in the same measuring approach. The results would be helpful for understanding the contribution of plants in constructed wetlands toward actual wastewater treatment.     

地表水质自动监测系统建设及运行管理研究

文章重点介绍了地表水水质自动监测系统的建设、运行、管理及应用,提出了标准化、智能化、实用性、统一性、可升级和可扩展性相结合的系统建设原则,从加强运营维护、完善监管机制、加强质量管理、严格绩效考核、科学审核数据五方面探讨了系统运行管理模式,强调自动监测数据在环境管理工作中的重要应用.文章最后对物联网、云计算和大数据技术在推动水质自动监测系统发展方面进行了展望.     

柴油车加载减速工况烟度排放测试软件开发

依据《柴油车加载减速烟度排放标准》和《柴油车加载减速工况烟度检测计算机控制试验规程》的要求,开发了柴油车加载减速工况烟度排放测试软件。详细介绍了该测试软件的功能和特点。     

滦河流域水资源开发的水文效应及其生态环境响应

通过滦河干流滦县水文站径流的长期演变趋势,分析流域水资源开发利用的水文效应及其生态响应。结果表明,在气候变化和人类活动影响下,滦河流域地表水资源量出现显著的衰减趋势,并引起滦河下游河道系统严重退化、近代滦河三角洲萎缩、下游平原区地下水位下降等若干生态环境问题。提出应加强竞争性用水条件下的河流生态水文调控,以改善滦河下游的生态环境。     

中国水环境非点源污染负荷的估算研究

中国已占水环境容量中,除了点源污染以外,非点源污染也占有相当比重,非点源污染负荷的定量化研究势在必行.国外对非点源污染的研究开始较早,成果也较成熟.从20世纪80年代以来,中国也逐渐认识到非点源污染的存在及其危害性,开始了非点源污染的控制研究.但是中国对非点源污染问题的研究现在尚处于初级阶段,多为借鉴国外模型.文章分析了国内外对非点源污染的研究方法和研究现状,介绍了适合中国国情的非点源污染负荷估算的方法,包括流域水文估算法、大尺度区域中非点源污染负荷估算的方法.     

区域水环境污染预警系统的建立

深入分析水环境污染预警系统的目的，结构，实现以及各子系统的耦合，提出区域水环境污染预警系统应由区域内多个主要预警中心组成，每个预警中心包括通讯子系统，技术支持子系统，应急风险分析和决策支持子系统等。区域水环境污染预警系统的实现由实时处理和离线处理2个部分组成，前者包括现场流量，蒸发，降雨实时信息的收集，数据的传递和接收，预警模型计算和输出，决策管理，后者包括历史数据和区域特征输入，预警模式选择；参数率定等。目前建立预警系统面临的主要困难在于实时信息的获取和系统不确定性分析方法，相应地，对系统的持续改进也就是要加强信息交流，提高模型的识别能力，扩展系统的评价与决策功能等。