铝铁锡共聚物的合成及其特性研究

合成制备了铝铁锡共聚物,测定分析了其水解共聚合和熟化过程中的pH变化,并通过扫描电镜和混凝实验对共聚物的晶形貌像和絮凝作用进行了研究。结果表明：Sn^4 具有比Fe^3 ,Al^3 更强的水解活性,它有使共聚物的分子趋于均一的作用;铝铁锡共聚物的最佳配比为：NAl∶NFe∶NSn=5∶5∶3,最佳水解度B^*＝2．0,此共聚物具有比CPAFC更优良的絮凝性能。     

黄河水体沉积物对敌百虫和甲拌磷的吸附

对敌百虫和甲拌磷在黄河水体沉积物中的吸附特性进行了研究,观察了ｐＨ值和离子强度等因素对吸附的影响．结果表明,敌百虫的吸附过程为一级动力学规律;敌百虫的吸附符合Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ等温式,甲拌磷的吸附可用Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｉｃｈ等温式较好地描述．ｐｈ值降低或离子强度增加使敌百虫和甲拌磷在沉积物中的吸附程度明显减小．敌百虫在黄河水体沉积物中的吸附以表面吸附为主,而甲拌磷则表现为表面吸附和在有机碳中的分配作用两种吸附方式．     

大气光化学烟雾反应机理比较(Ⅰ)O3和NOx的比较

在相同初始和排放条件下,对四种应用较广的光化学烟雾反应机理(CB4-99,RADM2,RACM,SAPRC99)进行了比较.研究发现对于O3,在低VOCs/NOx时,四种机理模拟结果相关较小,平均相对标准偏差为7%,在高VOCs/NOx时,平均相对标准偏差为26%,差距较大;对于NOx,多数情况下RACM和RADM2的模拟结果较高,CB4-99和SAPRC99的模拟值偏低,其原因主要来源于不同机理中O3的生成对NOx及VOCs的敏感性不同而造成的.在用模式模拟O3和NOx时,应特别注意机理不同而带来的模拟结果差异.     

Diversity of crude oil-degrading bacteria and alkane hydroxylase (<Emphasis Type="Italic">alkB</Emphasis>) genes from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The aim of this study was to survey the response of the microbial community to crude oil and the diversity of alkane hydroxylase (alkB) genes in soil samples from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). The enrichment cultures and clone libraries were used. Finally, 53 isolates and 94 alkB sequences were obtained from 10 pristine soil samples after enrichment at 10 °C with crude oil as sole carbon source. The isolates fell into the phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, with the dominance of Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter. The composition of degraders was different from polar habitats where Acinetobacter sp. is not a predominant responder of alkane degradative microbial communities. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the alkB genes from isolates and enrichment communities formed eight clusters and mainly related with alkB genes of Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, and Acinetobacter. The alkB gene diversity in the QTP was lower than marine environments and polar soil samples. In particular, a total of 10 isolates exhibiting vigorous growth with crude oil could detect no crude oil degradation-related gene sequences, such as alkB, P450, almA, ndoB, and xylE genes. The Shannon-Wiener index of the alkB clone libraries from the QTP ranged from 1.00 to 2.24 which is similar with polar pristine soil samples but lower than that of contaminated soils. These results indicated that the Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Rhodococcus genera are the candidate for in situ bioremediation, and the environment of QTP may be still relatively uncontaminated by crude oil.     

Nitrogen enrichment in runoff sediments as affected by soil texture in Beijing mountain area

Enrichment ratio (ER) is widely used in nonpoint source pollution models to estimate the nutrient loss associated with soil erosion. The objective of this study was to determine the ER of total nitrogen (ER_N) in the sediments eroded from the typical soils with varying soil textures in Beijing mountain area. Each of the four soils was packed into a 40 by 30 by 15 cm soil pan and received 40-min simulated rainfalls at the intensity of 90 mm h^?1 on five slopes. ER_N for most sediments were above unity, indicating the common occurrence of nitrogen enrichment accompanied with soil erosion in Beijing mountain area. Soil texture was not the only factor that influenced N enrichment in this experiment since the ER_N for the two fine-textured soils were not always lower. Soil properties such as soil structure might exert a more important influence in some circumstances. The selective erosion of clay particles was the main reason for N enrichment, as implied by the significant positive correlation between the ER of total nitrogen and clay fraction in eroded sediments. Significant regression equations between ER_N and sediment yield were obtained for two pairs of soils, which were artificially categorized by soil texture. The one for fine-textured soils had greater intercept and more negative slope. Thus, the initially higher ER_N would be lower than that for the other two soils with coarser texture once the sediment yield exceeded 629 kg ha^?1.