Diversity of crude oil-degrading bacteria and alkane hydroxylase (<Emphasis Type="Italic">alkB</Emphasis>) genes from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The aim of this study was to survey the response of the microbial community to crude oil and the diversity of alkane hydroxylase (alkB) genes in soil samples from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). The enrichment cultures and clone libraries were used. Finally, 53 isolates and 94 alkB sequences were obtained from 10 pristine soil samples after enrichment at 10 °C with crude oil as sole carbon source. The isolates fell into the phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, with the dominance of Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter. The composition of degraders was different from polar habitats where Acinetobacter sp. is not a predominant responder of alkane degradative microbial communities. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the alkB genes from isolates and enrichment communities formed eight clusters and mainly related with alkB genes of Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, and Acinetobacter. The alkB gene diversity in the QTP was lower than marine environments and polar soil samples. In particular, a total of 10 isolates exhibiting vigorous growth with crude oil could detect no crude oil degradation-related gene sequences, such as alkB, P450, almA, ndoB, and xylE genes. The Shannon-Wiener index of the alkB clone libraries from the QTP ranged from 1.00 to 2.24 which is similar with polar pristine soil samples but lower than that of contaminated soils. These results indicated that the Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Rhodococcus genera are the candidate for in situ bioremediation, and the environment of QTP may be still relatively uncontaminated by crude oil.     

Optimal Policy Mechanism Design for Cross-Sector and Multi-Stage Pollution Control with a Bilevel Model: Application to SO<Subscript>2</Subscript> Emission in China

In this paper, we construct a multi-stage coordinated programming model under tax system to control SO₂ emission. The model is based on an explicitly formulated SO₂ abatement cost function created under Chinese condition. Analysis of the effectiveness and impact on the economy of the model is carried out with consideration of game theory. By solving the model, theoretical results show that the volume-based multi-stage SO₂ tax system has two properties: effectiveness and equal-rate. Based on these theoretical results, empirical study is also performed using Chinese historical data. Compared with yearly single-stage programming model, the tax rate generated by the coordinated multi-stage programming model is time-invariant and rather moderate in scale. The total abatement cost among planning years in our model is 21.03 % less than the actual number and 6.68 % less than that in the single-stage situation. The tax payment suggested by our model is 10.62 % less than by the single-stage model. In general, a coordinated multi-stage programming model helps reduce the overall costs of environmental protection while achieving the same emission control target with less burden added to the economy.     

底泥疏挖工程对草海水生生态环境的影响预测

草海底泥疏挖工程的实施，必将对草海水生生态环境产生影响，预测结果表明，疏挖后草海水质有所改善，基本达到国家地面水Ｄ类标准，但相当长时间内仍疳保持富营养化状态，生态系统短期内改善不大，需较长时间，依靠人工强化恢复和自然恢复。草海水生生态系统方能逐步恢复。     

浅析思茅地区乡镇企业的环境影响

思茅地区乡镇企业的发展迅速，污染物排放剧增，与１９８９年相比，１９９５年的废水，废气和固体废排放量分别增加了４３９．５％、２６．６５％和１６．６２％，给当地环境带带来不利影响。为此，必须集中布局，优化产品，加强领导，加大科技投入，走可持续发展之路。     

有机锡化合物测定方法研究进展

总结了有机锡化合物常用的测定方法，包括气相色谱－火焰光度法，气相色谱与原子吸收联用，气相色谱－微波等离子体发射光谱法，气相色谱－质谱法以及液相色谱与名种检测方法联用等。对样品前处理、衍生化方法、色谱分离及测定等也进行了讨论     

上海港散装液态危险品运输和监管现状

简要介绍了上海港散装液态危险货物运输开展的历史及迄今有关方面的现状，进而对上海港监为确保危险品散化运输在安全、防污、环保、贸易等之间的相互协调发展所采取的一系列相关措施加以概括、归纳，使之条理化。     

郯庐断裂系统与中国东部幔源岩浆成因CO_2关系的初探

中国已发现的幔源岩浆成因CO2气藏主要分布在与郯庐断裂发育密切相关的东部伸展盆地，两者关系具体表现如下：1．中国东部幔源岩浆成因CO2气藏的空间展布与郯庐断裂保持一致；2．郯庐断裂切割深度达到上地幔；3．沿郯庐断裂岩浆活动强烈，且具幔源特点；4．中国东部伸展盆地自中、新生代以来的演化受郯庐断裂带活动影响。本文主要以郯庐断裂带为主线，结合幔源岩浆成因CO2气藏典型实例，从郯庐断裂构造环境、空间格局和演化过程对幔源岩浆成因CO2的控制作用进行初步归纳和分析。     

寻找紧缺的银矿资源——地质工作者的急迫使命

由于近二十年来全世界工业的快速发展 ,银的用途益发广泛 ,白银需求量迅猛增加 ,它不仅是我国紧缺的矿产资源 ,而且已成为世界市场上的走俏商品 ,全世界已连续九年需大于供 ,九年累计缺银 1 0亿盎司 ,并且缺口越来越大。专家们预测 :到 1 998年底全世界库存的银锭消耗殆尽。我国前几年有 1 / 2 -1 / 3的白银靠进口 ,1 997年还进口白银 1 55吨。因而 ,银价剧烈上扬 ,从 1 996年的 4美元 /盎司 ,涨到 1 998年 2月份的 7.81美元 /盎司。与白银相反 ,近两年黄金供远过于求 ,1 997年全世界多出 3 93吨 ,故金价急剧下跌 ,从 1 996年的 3 87.87美元 /盎司 ,降到 1 998年 6月份的 2 87.9美元/盎司。由于银需求量增大 ,加之有色金属工业的不景气 ,银产量不仅不能增长 ,而且反而下降。因而人们提出寻找能根据需要而生产的、具有独立开采价值的银矿床 ,即独立银矿床。全世界有三大巨型成矿带 ,我国有四大银成矿区。这些成矿区带的核心是火山 -岩浆活动带。银成矿区带都受巨型或区域深大断裂带控制 ,独立银矿床多产于区域深大断裂带旁侧的次级断层交汇处或附近。独立银矿床的直接围岩可以是火成岩、沉积岩和变质岩 ,但是它们位于火山岩浆活动带中 ,而且以火山岩为主。     

长芒刺电除尘器性能研究

提出一种新型长芒刺电除尘器,理论与实验研究结果表明,长芒刺电除尘器的场强、伏安特性和除尘效率等性能均高于普通线板式电除尘器。     

能量耗损相关底物消耗对微生物产率的影响

根据底物反应平衡,提出在底物充分的条件下,微生物消耗的底物总量等于微生物生长所利用的量,微生物维持代谢所利用的量及由于能量代谢分离而消耗的量之和,由此,建立了描述在底物充分的条件下,微生物产率与剩余底物浓度相应关系的动力学模型,证明了观测到的产率随剩余底物２的增加而减少的现象,此模型能很好实验数据相符,结果表明随剩余的底物２的增加,微生物的产率可下降７０％左右。