A study on Se application for improving the soil in the environment at lower Se level

A result that application of sodium selenite or fly ash to some of soilin loess plateau can increase Se content in wheat grain has been demonstrated by the pot and field experiments, and added Se in soil can last its availability for 3 years. So this is a good measure for improving the low Se soils and preventing the Kaschin-Beck disease.     

Preconcentration and determination of trace copper(II) in natural water using silica gel modified with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol

Trace copper (II) in water can be preconcentrated using silica gel modified with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) and be determined spectrophotometri-cally. The conditions for the preconcentration were studied. The method was applied to both artificial and natural water samples and the results suggest that copper (II) of ppb level in water can be measured accurately after the preconcentration.     

污染物在下包气带非饱水条件下迁移转化的研究

一、前言 城市污水施于农田,其中的污染物可能潜入地下水中造成危害,为了控制这种现象的发生,有必要开展污染物在地下包括下包气带的迁移转化规律研究,以供制订有关标准的依据。     

生物修复技术在白海面黑臭河涌治理中的应用

利用人工曝气、水体生物修复和河道生态恢复等技术,对广州市白海面黑臭水体进行治理。结果表明,在污水进水流量3000～4000m^3／d的条件下,通过生物治理,消除了水体黑臭现象,从上游到下游,水色由暗黄逐步转为黄、黄绿;在上游不断流入污水情况下,CODcr除去率达55％以上,NH3-N除去率为35％,TP除去率达25％以上。本研究为城市黑臭河道,特别是暂时无法截污的城郊河道的治理和养护提供了一套切实可行的方法。     

A／O膜生物反应器处理生活污水的试验研究

根据传统脱氮除磷工艺——好氧硝化缺氧反硝化原理,设计并制作了一种分置式A／O膜生物反应器,并且对其曝气方式进行合理改进,利用射流曝气强大的复氧能力和混合能力,使好氧区的泥水能更加均匀地混合以及能提供充足的氧气。并就其对生活污水中污染物的去除效果及其机制进行了试验研究,结果表明,该改进后的膜生物反应器在连续运行60天内,系统不排泥,水力停留时间为16h时,对COD、总氮、氨氮有良好的去除效果,平均去除率分别达到94％,70．7％,98．4％,出水CODCr、总氮、氨氮浓度分别在50mg／L,15mg／L,1mg／L以下。     

呼和浩特城市人居环境建设质量初步评价

呼和浩特因其特殊的自然环境和相对落后的社会经济条件,致使人居环境建设相对滞后。本文在室内大量查阅资料和问卷调查的基础上,结合呼和浩特城市人居环境的实际情况,构建了呼和浩特城市人居环境评价指标体系,并采用层次分析的评价方法,对呼和浩特城市人居环境建设质量进行了初步评价,以期为环保、城建、城管等政府相关职能部门和房地产开发商的决策提供科学的理论依据。     

盐度对污水硝化过程中N_2O产量的影响

采用调节盐度(7.5 g/L)和未调节盐度(0.1 g/L)实际生活污水驯化的活性污泥,分别考察了其相应硝化过程中N2O的产量和转化率.结果表明,盐度7.5 g/L生活污水硝化过程中N2O产量是未调节盐度N2O产量的2.85倍.考察其他盐度下污水硝化过程中N2O产量与转化率的结果表明,盐度从7.5 g/L降低到5.0、2.5 g/L后,N2O产量变化不大,但系统比氨氧化速率随着盐度的下降有所增加;当盐度从7.5 g/L急剧增加到10 g/L后,硝化过程中N2O产量和转化率均有大幅升高,产量达到7.5 g/L时的2.2倍,比氨氧化速率大幅下降.因此处理含盐污水时,应尽量避免盐度的过高波动,防止污水硝化过程中N2O产量和转化率大幅地升高.     

Regional crop yield, water consumption and water use efficiency and their responses to climate change in the North China Plain

The North China Plain (NCP) is one of the most important regions for food production in China, with its agricultural system being significantly affected by the undergoing climate change and vulnerable with water stress. In this study, the Vegetation Interface Processes (VIP) model is used to evaluate crop yield, water consumption (ET), and water use efficiency (WUE) of a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–summer maize (Zea mays L.) double cropping system in the NCP from 1951 to 2006. Their responses to future climate scenarios of 21st century projected by the GCM (HadCM3) with Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emission Scenario (IPCC SRES) A2 and B1 emissions are investigated. The results show a rapid enhancement of crop yield in the past 56 years, accompanying with slight increment of ET and noticeable improvement of WUE. There exist spatial patterns of crop yield stemmed mainly from soil quality and irrigation facilities. For climate change impacts, it is found that winter wheat yield will significantly increase with the maximum increment in A2 occurring in 2070s with a value of 19%, whereas the maximum in B1 being 13% in 2060s. Its ET is slightly intensified, which is less than 6%, under both A2 and B1 scenarios, giving rise to the improvement of WUE by 10% and 7% under A2 and B1 scenarios, respectively. Comparatively, summer maize yield will gently decline by 15% for A2 and 12% for B1 scenario, respectively. Its ET is obviously increasing since 2050s with over 10% relative change, leading to a lower WUE with more than 25% relative change under both scenarios in 2090s. Therefore, possible adaptation countermeasures should be developed to mitigate the negative effects of climate change for the sustainable development of agro-ecosystems in the NCP.     

SBBR工艺处理有机农药废水的生产性试验

为了实现SBBR工艺处理有机农药废水在生产上的应用,选择有代表性的农药厂进行生产性试验。试验结果表明:COD、BOD5、SS、TP平均去除率分别为90.1%、91%、88.8%和94.7%,出水水质达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》中的二级标准,并且运行稳定、投资省。     

一体化膜生物反应器处理低C/N污水试验研究

研究一体化连续流间歇曝气膜生物反应器(IMBR)处理低C/N城市污水的工艺效能。试验结果表明:反应器在曝气2 h、搅拌2 h的运行模式下,对COD、NH4+-N、TN和SS的平均去除率分别达到了87%,83.4%,75.4%和97.81%,各出水质量浓度平均值分别为17.5,4.59,7.63和2 mg/L,出水水质达到了GB/T18920-2002《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》标准。