Progress in quantitative research on the relationship between atmospheric oxidation and air quality

Atmospheric oxidizing capacity (AOC) is an essential driving force of troposphere chemistry and self-cleaning, but the definition of AOC and its quantitative representation remain uncertain. Driven by national demand for air pollution control in recent years, Chinese scholars have carried out studies on theories of atmospheric chemistry and have made considerable progress in AOC research. This paper will give a brief review of these developments. First, AOC indexes were established that represent apparent atmospheric oxidizing ability (AOIe) and potential atmospheric oxidizing ability (AOIp) based on aspects of macrothermodynamics and microdynamics, respectively. A closed study refined the quantitative contributions of heterogeneous chemistry to AOC in Beijing, and these AOC methods were further applied in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and key areas across the country. In addition, the detection of ground or vertical profiles for atmospheric OH·, HO₂·, NO₃· radicals and reservoir molecules can now be obtained with domestic instruments in diverse environments. Moreover, laboratory smoke chamber simulations revealed heterogeneous processes involving reactions of O₃ and NO₂, which are typical oxidants in the surface/interface atmosphere, and the evolutionary and budgetary implications of atmospheric oxidants reacting under multispecies, multiphase and multi-interface conditions were obtained. Finally, based on the GRAPES-CUACE adjoint model improved by Chinese scholars, simulations of key substances affecting atmospheric oxidation and secondary organic and inorganic aerosol formation have been optimized. Normalized numerical simulations of AOIe and AOIp were performed, and regional coordination of AOC was adjusted. An optimized plan for controlling O₃ and PM_2.5 was analyzed by scenario simulation.     

Advances in the treatment of multi-pollutant flue gas in China's building materials industry

In most of the world's building material industries, the control of flue gas pollutants mainly focuses on a single pollutant. However, given the large capacity and high contribution of China's building materials industry to global air pollution, the need to develop multi-pollutant emission reduction technology is urgent. Recently, China has focused on reducing the emissions of flue gas pollutants in the building materials industry, established many key research and development projects, and gradually implemented more stringent pollutant emission limits. This project focuses on the most recent advances in flue gas emission control technology in China's building materials industry, including denitration, dust removal, desulfurization, synergistic multi-pollutant emission reduction, and the construction of pilot research and demonstration projects for pollutant removal in several building material industries. On this basis, revised pollutant limits in flue gas emitted in China's building material industry are proposed.     

A review of gas-phase chemical mechanisms commonly used in atmospheric chemistry modelling

The atmospheric chemical mechanism is an essential component of airshed models used for investigating the chemical behaviors and impacts of species. Since the first tropospheric chemical mechanism was proposed in the 1960s, various mechanisms including Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM), Carbon Bond Mechanism (CBM), Statewide Air Pollution Research Center (SAPRC) and Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanism (RACM) have been developed for different research purposes. This work summarizes the development and applications of these mechanisms, introduces their compositions and lumping methods, and compares the ways the mechanisms treat radicals with box model simulations. CBM can reproduce urban pollution events with relatively low cost compared to SAPRC and RACM, whereas the chemical behaviors of radicals and the photochemical production of ozone are described in detail in RACM. The photolysis rates of some oxygenated compounds are low in SAPRC07, which may result in underestimation of radical levels. As an explicit chemical mechanism, MCM describes the chemical processes of primary pollutants and their oxidation products in detail. MCM can be used to investigate certain chemical processes; however, due to its large size, it is rarely used in regional model simulations. A box model case study showed that the chemical behavior of OH and HO₂ radicals and the production of ozone were well described by all mechanisms. CBM and SAPRC underestimated the radical levels for different chemical treatments, leading to low ozone production values in both cases. MCM and RACM are widely used in box model studies, while CBM and SAPRC are often selected in regional simulations.     

A study on Se application for improving the soil in the environment at lower Se level

A result that application of sodium selenite or fly ash to some of soilin loess plateau can increase Se content in wheat grain has been demonstrated by the pot and field experiments, and added Se in soil can last its availability for 3 years. So this is a good measure for improving the low Se soils and preventing the Kaschin-Beck disease.     

Preconcentration and determination of trace copper(II) in natural water using silica gel modified with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol

Trace copper (II) in water can be preconcentrated using silica gel modified with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) and be determined spectrophotometri-cally. The conditions for the preconcentration were studied. The method was applied to both artificial and natural water samples and the results suggest that copper (II) of ppb level in water can be measured accurately after the preconcentration.     

污染物在下包气带非饱水条件下迁移转化的研究

一、前言 城市污水施于农田,其中的污染物可能潜入地下水中造成危害,为了控制这种现象的发生,有必要开展污染物在地下包括下包气带的迁移转化规律研究,以供制订有关标准的依据。     

生物修复技术在白海面黑臭河涌治理中的应用

利用人工曝气、水体生物修复和河道生态恢复等技术,对广州市白海面黑臭水体进行治理。结果表明,在污水进水流量3000～4000m^3／d的条件下,通过生物治理,消除了水体黑臭现象,从上游到下游,水色由暗黄逐步转为黄、黄绿;在上游不断流入污水情况下,CODcr除去率达55％以上,NH3-N除去率为35％,TP除去率达25％以上。本研究为城市黑臭河道,特别是暂时无法截污的城郊河道的治理和养护提供了一套切实可行的方法。     

A／O膜生物反应器处理生活污水的试验研究

根据传统脱氮除磷工艺——好氧硝化缺氧反硝化原理,设计并制作了一种分置式A／O膜生物反应器,并且对其曝气方式进行合理改进,利用射流曝气强大的复氧能力和混合能力,使好氧区的泥水能更加均匀地混合以及能提供充足的氧气。并就其对生活污水中污染物的去除效果及其机制进行了试验研究,结果表明,该改进后的膜生物反应器在连续运行60天内,系统不排泥,水力停留时间为16h时,对COD、总氮、氨氮有良好的去除效果,平均去除率分别达到94％,70．7％,98．4％,出水CODCr、总氮、氨氮浓度分别在50mg／L,15mg／L,1mg／L以下。     

呼和浩特城市人居环境建设质量初步评价

呼和浩特因其特殊的自然环境和相对落后的社会经济条件,致使人居环境建设相对滞后。本文在室内大量查阅资料和问卷调查的基础上,结合呼和浩特城市人居环境的实际情况,构建了呼和浩特城市人居环境评价指标体系,并采用层次分析的评价方法,对呼和浩特城市人居环境建设质量进行了初步评价,以期为环保、城建、城管等政府相关职能部门和房地产开发商的决策提供科学的理论依据。     

中国旅游资源分区的初步研究

本文是在8000个旅游资源实体数据的基础上,对旅游资源的区域特征和旅游环境的区域差异性进行定性和定量分析。形成了一个三级分区体系并得到一张中国旅游资源分区图。第一级区,有八个资源区。第二级区,有41个资源区。在每个二级区内有或多或少的三级区,然而,每个三级区必须是根据旅游资源数量、质量和交通条件得出的五类三级区中的某一类。分区程序采用从低级区向高级区归并的方式。本结果对管理旅游资源和发展中国旅游业有重要参考价值。