固定化光合细菌处理豆制品废水产氢研究

以海藻酸钠做包埋材料制备的固定化光合细菌,可以在不同浓度豆制品废水中进行光照放氢。豆制品废水ＣＯＤ浓度在７５６０—１２６００ｍｇ／Ｌ时,可以维持稳定产气２６０ｈ以上,平均产气率为１４６．８—３５１．４ｍｌ／（Ｌ·ｄ）,气体中Ｈ２含量在６０％以上,废水ＣＯＤ去除率为６２．３％─７８．２％;当废水ＣＯＤ浓度在１２６０—５０４０ｍｇ／Ｌ时,可以维持产气９３ｈ,平均产气率为１２０．７—１４０．ｏｍｌ／（Ｌ·ｄ）,气体中Ｈ２含量在７５％以上,废水最终ＣＯＤ去除率为４１％─６０．３％。     

化学解耦联剂对活性污泥工艺中污泥产率的影响

采用3,3′,4′,5-四氯水杨酰苯胺(TCS)作为代谢解耦联剂添加到活性污泥工艺中,连续曝气分批培养实验结果表明,TCS在浓度高于1.0mg/L时是一种有效的化学解耦联剂,能显著地降低污泥产率.当TCS浓度为6.0mg/L时,污泥产率可降低约50%.在40d的运行期间,隔天分别在3个反应器中添加TCS 2.0、2.8和3.6mg/L,基质的去除能力和出水氨氮及总氮浓度均未受影响,污泥的SOUR值和脱氢酶活性相应增加,污泥的沉降性能也未见有明显影响.镜检发现,对照反应器中的污泥经40d运行后仍有丝状菌存在,而添加解耦联剂反应器中的污泥几乎无丝状菌的存在.以上结果表明,可以应用TCS来降低活性污泥工艺中的剩余污泥产量.     

HAZOP分析在常减压装置的应用及问题探讨

运用"HAZOP+LOPA+风险矩阵"复合式风险分析技术,对金陵分公司常减压装置进行危险辨识和风险分析,识别装置存在的主要问题和隐患,并对HAZOP技术应用中存在的适应性问题进行了探讨,对装置风险控制提出了针对性的建议措施,为装置的"安、稳、长、满、优"运行提供指导。     

北京市某垃圾卫生填埋场堆山及覆盖工程实例

填埋场堆山及覆盖工程是指垃圾从地面向上填埋作业,至设计标高或填埋场停止使用高度的过程。为避免堆体沉降过大对堆体的稳定造成影响,根据勘察报告对垃圾填埋区进行的沉降分析,利用陈腐垃圾对沉降最大区域进行压实、垫高,保证垃圾堆体压实密度大于0.9;为减少渗沥液的产生保证渗沥液、沼气收集及导排系统安全有效的运行,采用基础构建的方式减少填埋作业面,从而减少雨季雨水的渗入;待堆体形成后,通过在堆体顶部及边坡铺设防渗及导排层对渗沥液和沼气进行疏导和收集,降低渗沥液和沼气对堆体稳定以及周边环境造成的影响,并铺设生态恢复层,美化环境。     

福建省热带气旋暴雨型地质灾害特征分析

福建是受热带气旋影响较严重的省份,又是一个多山的省份,每年都有因热带气旋暴雨诱发滑坡等地质灾害造成巨大人员伤亡和经济损失的事例发生.通过分析福建省1990～2006年热带气旋暴雨诱发的地质灾害个例,发现热带气旋暴雨型地质灾害的规模和强度均比雨季暴雨诱发的地质灾害大;它的发生与热带气旋路径、过程雨量和当日雨量关系密切,地质灾害主要发生在强降水后的48 h内;热带气旋登陆前后,若有偏东急流、西南季风、冷空气、暖式切变等系统共同作用,对暴雨具有增幅作用,极易引发地质灾害.     

城市燃气管网的地震紧急处置系统研究

燃气管网的地震破坏有时会导致火灾、爆炸等严重的次生灾害。城市中的燃气管网系统若能具备地震紧急处置功能,在地震来临时及时采取自动关闭燃气供应阀门等紧急处置措施,可以避免或减少此类次生灾害的发生。介绍了普遍用于燃气管网日常调度管理的SCADA系统的组成与工作原理,探讨了在SCADA系统中加入地震紧急处置功能的可行性,并基于ArcGIS地理软件,通过VBA二次开发编制了燃气管网的地震紧急处置模拟程序,为燃气管网地震紧急处置系统的实现提供了一定依据。     

苏州市工业用地地表径流污染特性研究

对苏州新区枫桥工业园湘江路段的10场有效降雨事件的地表径流污染特性进行了研究.研究表明.地表径流水质参数COD、SS、NH3-N、TN、TP均服从对数正态分布,在95%置信水平下,SS与COD、TP、TN之问存在线性相关性(R=0.45～0.72).统计了污染物事件平均浓度(EMC),COD、SS、NH3-N、TN、TP的EMC中值分别为213、491、2.65、5.19、1.07 mg/L,相对应的单位面积污染物负荷分别为1 898、4 375、24、46、10 kg/(hm2·a).与韩国Chongju工业区和上海市相比,SS负荷高是苏州新区枫桥工业园地表径流水质的主要特点,削减SS负荷对控制其非点源污染具有重要意义.     

Biomarker responses and reproductive toxicity of the effluent from a Chinese large sewage treatment plant in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)

The present study was conducted to assess the potential toxicity of the effluent from a large sewage treatment plant (GBD-STP) in Beijing. Japanese medakas (Oryzias latipes) at reproduction active period were exposed to a serial of graded concentrations of the effluent or 100 ng l-1 of 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2, positive control). Growth, gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), reproductive success, induction potency of vitellogenin (VTG) in male fish and that of 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase activity (EROD) in male fish liver were used as test endpoints. The growth suppression of fish was observed in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in significant differences in both body length and body weight of medaka above 5% effluent. This effluent can inhibit the growth of gonad of medakas and are more sensitive to male than to female. At exposure concentration of 40% and higher, there was an unexpected decrease of HSI values, which may be resulted from sub-lethal toxicity of effluent to fish liver. VTG of plasma in males were induced in all exposure concentration levels, but not in a dose-dependent manner. The concentration of 5% effluent would be the lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) affecting reproductive success when examining fertile individuals, fecundity and fertilization rate. The overt CYP1A response and higher reproductive toxicity may be indicative of low process efficiency of this STP.     

Baseline soil levels of PCDD/Fs established prior to the construction of municipal solid waste incinerators in China

In order to determine the baseline contamination by polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in different areas in China, prior to the construction of municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs), a total of 32 representative soil samples was collected near 16 incinerators and analyzed for their PCDD/F concentrations. The PCDD/F baseline concentrations in the soil samples ranged from 0.32 to 11.4 ng I-TEQ kg⁻¹ (dry matter), with average and median value of 2.73 and 2.24 ng I-TEQ kg⁻¹ (dry matter), respectively, and a span between maximum and minimum recorded value of 36. The PCDD homologues predominated in 26 out of 32 soil samples, with the ratio (PCDDs)/(PCDFs) ranging from 1.1 to 164; however in the other 6 samples, PCDF homologues were larger, with the same ratio varying from 0.04 to 0.8. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used to examine PCDD/F amount and profile in these soil samples, and their possible associations with known emission sources: in this process 6 really distinct isomer fingerprints were identified. Background PCDD/F levels and profiles were comparable to those found in soils from China and other countries and indicate a rather low baseline PCDD/F contamination of soils. The present data provide the tools for future assessment of a possible impact of these MSWIs.     

模拟煤灰渣垂直潜流人工湿地的除磷性能分析

为确定煤灰渣作为垂直潜流人工湿地基质的可行性,通过静态吸附实验和煤灰渣去除生活污水中的磷素实验,表明煤灰渣对污水中磷素的吸附平衡时间较短,吸附速率较快.当温度降低时,煤灰渣的磷素吸附容量对吸附平衡浓度依赖性和吸附强度随之降低,最大理论吸附容量亦降低 83.10% .在处理0.5 m 3 /(m2·d)的生活污水中,煤灰渣对TP的平均去除率达86.03%,吸附方式包括物理吸附和化学吸附,同时得出煤灰渣最大磷素解析量占最大理论吸附容量的0.73%,在实际人工湿地应用中应注意磷素解析而形成的二次污染.