小水电资源区域开发环境影响回顾性评价案例分析——以海南省为例

在小水电资源区域开发规划环境影响报告书编制中应设置小水电资源区域开发环境影响回顾性评价专题,对规划区域小水电资源开发过程产生的环境问题进行调查和回顾性评价,从中发现小水电资源开发存在的环境问题,并提出规避的对策。海南省小水电资源开发规划环境影响报告书小水电资源区域开发环境影响回顾性评价专题案例。通过遥感影像判读及现场调查发现,选址不当、断流、减水、沙化、景观破坏、植被覆盖率降低及外来物种入侵、水土流失、用水矛盾、影响渔业资源等环境问题普遍存在,主要原因是环境行政管理虚位。主要对策有：在小水电资源开发规划及项目可行性研究报告中,应将环境法规符合性及环保投资列为重要内容;实施工程环境监理;加强竣工环保验收;将水电站下泄生态流量等环保措施执行情况的现场检查纳入常态工作范畴。     

直接大红4BE染料吸附脱色真菌的分离及特性研究

通过梯度富集培养,筛选到一株偶氮染料直接大红4BE吸附脱色真菌HS-DY08,该菌在基础培养基中,30℃、150r/min条件下,24h内对浓度为30mg/L的直接大红4BE的吸附脱色率达92%。脱色液动态扫描结果显示,随着HS-DY08菌株对染料的吸附脱色降解,直接大红4BE的吸收峰(526nm)明显降低,中间产物(325nm)的吸收峰逐渐升高,且染料吸附过程中菌体生长量增加,表明菌株对染料的吸附脱色过程中伴随着对染料的生物降解和利用。不同的共基质底物对直接大红4BE吸附脱色能力的促进作用依次为:PDB>葡萄糖>蛋白胨>NH4Cl。结合形态特征及显微观察结果,初步鉴定HS-DY08为青霉属(Pemnicillium sp.)。     

基于拉格朗日乘数法的边坡稳定性变分法

以简单均质土坡为研究对象,通过改进毕肖甫圆弧条分法,即基于拉格朗日乘数法的变分方法,并使得土条间传递的水平内力等于零,计算出每一土条的安全系数Fsi,再利用多滑块体系安全系数的重量加权平均原则,求解滑动土体的整体安全系数,以为边坡的稳定性评价提供依据。     

Degradation of acid fuchsine by a modified electro-Fenton system with magnetic stirring as oxygen supplying

The current modified electro-Fenton system was designed to develop a more convenient and e cient undivided system for practical wastewater treatment. The system adopted a cathode portion that employed magnetic stirring instead of common oxygen gas di usion or gas sparging to supply oxygen gas for the electrolyte solution. Key factors influencing the cathode fabrication and activity were investigated. The degradation of acid fuchsine with a self-made graphite-polytetrafluorethylene cathode was studied using a spectrophotometer. It was found that the cathode generated hydrogen peroxide with high current e ciency and the hydrogen peroxide yield of the cathode did not decay after 10 times reuse. With the Pt anode at a ferrous ion concentration of 0.5 mmol/L, a pH of 3, and using magnetic stirring, dye decolorization could be rapidly accomplished but the destruction of benzene rings and intermediates was fairly di cult. With a Fe anode, dye degradation was more complete.     

Reversibility of the structure and dewaterability of anaerobic digested sludge

The reversibility of the structure and dewaterability of broken anaerobic digested sludge(ADS)is important to ensure the efficiency of sludge treatment or management processes.This study investigated the effect of continuous strong shear(CSS)and multipulse shear(MPS)on the zeta potential,size(median size,d_(50)),mass fractal dimension(D_F),and capillary suction time(CST)of ADS aggregates.Moreover,the self-regrowth(SR)of broken ADS aggregates during slow mixing was also analyzed.The results show that raw ADS with d_(50) of 56.5μm was insensitive to CSS–SR or MPS–SR,though the size slightly decreased after the breakage phase.For conditioned ADS with d_(50) larger than 600μm,the breakage in small-scale surface erosion changed to large-scale fragmentation as the CSS strength increased.In most cases,after CSS or MPS,the broken ADS had a relatively more compact structure than before and d_(50) is at least 200μm.The CST of the broken fragments from optimally dosed ADS increased,whereas that corresponding to overdosed ADS decreased.MPS treatment resulted in larger and more compact broken ADS fragments with a lower CST value than CSS.During the subsequent slow mixing,the broken ADS aggregates did not recover their charge,size,and dewaterability to the initial values before breakage.In addition,less than 15%self-regrowth in terms of percentage of the regrowth factor was observed in broken ADS after CSS at average velocity gradient no less than 1905.6 sec~(-1).     

粉煤灰制备SOD型沸石及其对Cs~+的吸附特性研究

利用工业废物粉煤灰为原料,在传统碱熔-水热法中引入脱硅工艺合成SOD型沸石,通过X射线衍射和扫描电镜进行表征,并研究了在不同条件下合成沸石对Cs~+的吸附特性。采用静态平衡实验方法获得Cs~+的吸附实验数据,考察不同因素对Cs~+吸附量的影响。结果表明,合成沸石的吸附性能比原状粉煤灰有了显著提高,当初始浓度为200 mg/L时,其对Cs~+的吸附率仍能达到80%以上;吸附量随着pH的增加先增大后减小,最适pH为10;离子强度的增加将抑制吸附行为;提高初始浓度有利于吸附量的增大,但须通过调节固液比兼顾吸附量与吸附率的关系;以Langmuir方程拟合得到理论最大吸附量为28.53 mg/g。合成沸石对Cs~+的吸附能力相比原状粉煤灰有显著提高,通过考察离子强度对吸附行为的影响可推测Cs~+与合成沸石形成外层表面络合物。     

3×220t/h煤粉炉烟气干式超净脱硫除尘改造实践

兖矿新疆煤化工3×220 t/h煤粉炉烟气原采用氨法脱硫工艺,但氨法脱硫设施建成之后始终运行不正常,在经过多种脱硫工艺的对比、论证后,最终选择烟气干法脱硫除尘一体化工艺进行脱硫除尘的升级改造。升级改造工程投运后的各项运行指标可达到燃煤电厂的50355超低排放要求,而且升级改造后的脱硫剂采用电石渣粉代替消石灰,大大减少干法脱硫剂运行成本,实现以废治废,循环利用。     

火山泥石流研究回顾

本文简要回顾了火山泥石流的研究历史,介绍了近年来这一领域的相关研究情况.主要内容包括火山泥石流的概念,形成机制及特征研究,火山泥石流的评估,火山泥石流的数学模型及数值模拟等.在论述这一领域相关研究进展的同时,对有关研究内容进行了评述和讨论,并对今后的研究工作提出了一些建议.     

亚硫酸钠回收碘的空气氧化

在用亚硫酸钠和碳酸钠混合液吸收含碘废气的过程中遇到了亚硫酸钠被空气氧化的问题.本文研究了在静止吸氧和鼓泡充氧二种条件下亚硫酸钠被空气氧化的各种影响因素.实验表明,在吸氧条件下,pH值对Na_2SO_3的空气氧化速率有很大的影响,该氧化过程是一个比较复杂的过程.在鼓泡充氧的条件下,Na_2SO_3被氧化速率显著加快.在不同的pH值、温度以及催化剂存在情况下,Na_2SO_3的浓度均随时间呈直线下降.本文也给出了用亚硫酸钠和碳酸钠混合溶液吸收含碘废气的实际工艺过程,回收碘的质量符合中国药典的标准.为减少空气氧化造成Na_2SO_3的损失,亚硫酸钠溶液宜新鲜配制。     

绍兴市柯桥区工业园区挥发性有机物污染特征研究

为更好地管控和治理绍兴市柯桥区工业园区的挥发性有机物(VOCs),利用柯桥区现有的两工业园区VOCs监测站点(园区1站、园区2站)2019年3月至2020年2月的监测数据分析柯桥区工业园区VOCs污染特征并进行溯源.结果表明:园区1站每月VOCs质量浓度平均值为125μg/m3,园区2站为137μg/m3,都呈现出3月...