Determination of bromate and chlorinated haloacetic acids in bottled drinking water with chromatographic methods

Disinfection by-products of interest such as bromate, chlorate and chlorinated haloacetic acids in 10 representative brands of bottled drinking water were investigated with ion chromatography. With the developed method, the detection limits of the disinfection by-products were in sub-microgl(-1) level. It was observed that bromate, chlorate and dichloroacetic acid could be detected in some water samples. In the bottled natural water, the concentrations for the three compounds were 0.1, 0.9 and 0.6 microgl(-1), respectively. The total concentration of disinfection by-products in the natural water sample was the highest among all the bottled drinking waters. The concentrations for the sum of disinfection by-products in the four types of bottled drinking water investigated were natural water > mineral water > spring water > purified water. The generation of disinfection by-products was much influenced by the original components and process procedure of the source water. The concentrations of bromate and chlorate in the bottled water samples hardly degraded with the increasing storage time. For dichloroacetic acid, with the prolonging of storage time, the concentration was much decreased.     

Renewable biofuel production from hydrocracking of soybean biodiesel with a commercial petroleum Ni-W catalyst

As a potential hydrocarbon production method, the hydrocracking of soybean biodiesel, using a commercial petroleum hydrocracking catalyst, was studied. Experiments were carried out in a 1,000 mL, high-pressure autoclave for 2–4 hr over the temperature range of 200–280°C under an initial hydrogen pressure of 10 MPa. Hydrocracking of soybean biodiesel produced n-paraffins in the C₈–C₁₇ boiling range, which includes both green gasoline and diesel. Both pressure and temperature play important roles in the transformation of soybean biodiesel. Hydrocarbons can be formed above 220°C with a liquid yield of 81.76%. The n-alkanes content of the liquid product reached 32.29% at 280°C, with 88.32% C₁₁–C₁₄ selectivity. In addition, hydrocracking results in many changes of catalyst such as physical properties, morphology, etc. For the used catalyst, the concentrations of Ni and C increased, and the pore channels were significantly reduced.     

变压吸附技术分离模拟油田火驱尾气中的CO_2

采用变压吸附技术分离模拟油田火驱尾气(CO_2-N_2-CH_4混合体系)中的CO_2。考察了吸附压力、吸附温度和气体流量对吸附效果的影响。实验结果表明:在吸附温度为25℃、吸附压力为0.6 MPa、气体流量为2 000m L/min、初始CO_2体积分数为13.01%的条件下,CO_2的穿透吸附量为60.34 m L/g,CO_2吸附率为78.92%,碳分子筛对CO_2的分离因子为8.233;在床层利用率为0.523的条件下进行降压解吸,当吸附压力降至0.1 MPa时,出口CO_2体积分数约为80%,CO_2的回收率可达96.38%。     

不同污泥浓度对生物沥滤过程的影响

以硫酸亚铁盐作为底物,氧化亚铁硫杆菌（Thiobacillus ferrooxidans）为主要沥滤微生物,在底物投配比为10 g/L,温度为25℃,曝气量为1 L/min的条件下,对5种不同浓度的桂林城市污泥中重金属进行生物沥滤试验。结果表明,生物沥滤的污泥浓度宜控制在25.6 g/L,沥滤3 d后,污泥中超标元素Cu、Zn和Cd的去除率分别达到58.17%、75.90%和93.64%,沥滤处理后污泥中残余重金属含量符合污泥农用的国家标准。     

气候变化对青藏高原腹地可持续发展的影响

受全球变暖影响，青藏高原气候呈现出暖干化趋势。气温升高，降水量减少对高原腹地植被生长具有消极意义，导致该区牧草质量和数量的下降。人口和牲畜数量的增加，更加重了资源环境与经济（牧业经济）发展的对立。本文对受气候和人为因素共同作用下，青藏高原腹地高寒草地逆行演替的原因及方式进行了分析。在些基础上，对气候暖干化模式下可持续的利用高寒草地资源提出了建议。     

超高速活性污泥法的试验研究

吸附活性污泥法是一种高效率的污水处理方法，曝气池停留时间约４０ｍｉｎ、ＣＯＤ、ＢＯＤ５和ＳＳ的去除率可达到６０－７０％。本文以试验结果为基础，探讨了停留时间，污泥浓度，污泥回流比和污浓度对处理效果的影响，也探讨了该方法对氮，磷的去除效果。     

氨基酸厂废水对土壤—植物系统影响的研究

莴苣盆栽试验表明,氨基酸厂废水在适宜浓度下,可以提高蔬菜的鲜嫩度和维生素C、可溶性糖的含量,并使全氯和硝酸盐的含量限定在卫生标准之内;同时又不会使土壤原有性质产生破坏。废水在紫色土上的最适浓度为1:80(废水与清水体积比,下同),但它在作物生长前期表现为毒害作用与低浓度促进作用并存,且以毒害作用为主,直到后期才表现出营养肥效作用。     

佳木斯台形变观测对东北地区几次浅震"场兆"异常的探讨

大地震在主破裂前往往行成地壳变形,高应力作用下进入峰值后的变形阶段,反映到地倾斜观测日均值曲线上,表现为固体潮形变趋势异常,这些异常能否指示远距离的地震,近年来不少研究者发现,远场前兆往往出现在对应力、应变变化反应灵敏的特殊构造部位.佳木斯台可能处于这种特殊的构造部位,对东北地区浅源地震短期前兆异常"场兆"的趋势性变化具有一定的意义.     

降尘和酸雨对土壤蔬菜系统影响的研究

土壤蔬菜系统常受到降尘和酸雨的交替污染。但不同的土壤蔬菜系统对大气降尘的酸雨的反应不同。酸雨和降尘的复合污染比单因子污染的危害更大。本文通过模拟重庆市酸雨和降尘，研究了以上生态环境效应及其产生的原因。     

放射性污染防治对策与建议

根据2001年浙江省放射性申报登记试点城市－－嘉兴市的申报登记结果，在分析该市的放射性污染控制现状和管理现状的基础上，结合该市的实际情况，对放射性污染管理防治工作中存在的问题和薄弱环节，有针对性地提出嘉兴市放射性污染防治对策与建议，供有关部门参考。