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411.
Yuchi Lee Shanglien Lo Jeff Kuo Chinghong Hsieh 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2012,6(1):17-25
Microwave-hydrothermal treatment of persistent and bioaccumulative perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in water with persulfate
(S2O82−) has been found effective. However, applications of this process to effectively remediate PFOA pollution require a better
understanding on free-radical scavenging reactions that also take place. The objectives of this study were to investigate
the effects of pH (pH = 2.5, 6.6, 8.8, and 10.5), chloride concentrations (0.01–0.15 mol·L−1), and temperature (60°C, 90°C, and 130°C) on persulfate oxidation of PFOA under microwave irradiation. Maximum PFOA degradation
occurred at pH 2.5, while little or no degradation at pH 10.5. Lowering system pH resulted in an increase in PFOA degradation
rate. Both high pH and chloride concentrations would result in more scavenging of sulfate free radicals and slow down PFOA
degradation. When chloride concentrations were less than 0.04 mol·L−1 at 90°C and 0.06 mol·L−1 at 60°C, presence of chloride ions had insignificant impacts on PFOA degradation. However, beyond these concentration levels,
PFOA degradation rates reduced significantly with an increase in chloride concentrations, especially under the higher temperature. 相似文献
412.
Stéphane Bernard Kazimierz Lebecki Philippe Gillard Loïc Youinou Guillaume Baudry 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2010,23(3):404-411
Powdery materials such as metallic or polymer powders play a considerable role in many industrial processes. Their use requires the introduction of preventive safeguard to control the plants safety. The mitigation of an explosion hazard, according to the ATEX 137 Directive (1999/92/EU), requires, among other things, the assessment of the dust ignition sensitivity. PRISME laboratory (University of Orléans) has developed an experimental set-up and methodology, using the Langlie test, for the quick determination of the explosion sensitivity of dusts. This method requires only 20 shots and ignition sensitivity is evaluated through the E50 (energy with an ignition probability of 0.5). A Hartmann tube, with a volume of 1.3 l, was designed and built. Many results on the energy ignition thresholds of partially oxidised aluminium were obtained using this experimental device (Baudry, 2007) and compared to literature. E50 evolution is the same as MIE but their respective values are different and MIE is lower than E50 however the link between E50 and MIE has not been elucidated.In this paper, the Langlie method is explained in detail for the determination of the parameters (mean value E50 and standard deviation σ) of the associated statistic law. The ignition probability versus applied energy is firstly measured for Lycopodium in order to validate the method. A comparison between the normal and the lognormal law was achieved and the best fit was obtained with the lognormal law.In a second part, the Langlie test was performed on different dusts such as aluminium, cornstarch, lycopodium, coal, and PA12 in order to determine E50 and σ for each dust. The energies E05 and E10 corresponding respectively to an ignition probability of 0.05 and 0.1 are determined with the lognormal law and compared to MIE find in literature. E05 and E10 values of ignition energy were found to be very close and were in good agreement with MIE in the literature. 相似文献
413.
对评估中的权系数引入置信度和方差两个概念 ,为权系数提供更多的信息 ,便于决策者采用 ;针对作者在香港所作的高层建筑火灾风险因子评估系数 ,得到 16个风险因子的带置信度和方差的权系数 ,为火灾风险评估提供重要依据 相似文献