渤海湾浮游植物群落特征及其环境影响因子

于2013年8月、11月分别对渤海湾近岸海域28个点位的浮游植物及水质进行了同步监测调查,并应用冗余分析建立了浮游植物丰度与水环境因子的关系。结果表明,浮游植物共计4门79种(属),以硅藻为主,甲藻占据一定比重。8月优势种为尖刺拟菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia pungens)、中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)、窄隙角毛藻(Chaetoceros affinis)、旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus)和丹麦细柱藻(Leptocylindrus danicus);11月优势种为刚毛根管藻(Rhizosolenia setigera)、优美旭氏藻矮小变型(Schro咬derella delicatula)和中肋骨条藻。浮游植物丰度范围在0.039×103～464.8×103cells/L之间,生物量范围在0.013～81.9 mg/L之间。渤海湾近岸海域浮游植物具有较为明显的空间分布差异,富营养化程度呈现近岸高远岸低的特点。冗余分析(RDA)结果表明,溶解氧、总氮、亚硝酸盐、悬浮物、盐度和水温是影响丰度变化的主要环境因子。     

环境应力筛选在反坦克导弹及火箭弹中的应用

目的针对工程实践经验和反坦克导弹及火箭弹武器装备,提出新的环境应力筛选条件,用于剔除装备的早期故障。方法结合反坦克导弹及火箭弹武器装备的特点,对GJB 1032进行科学裁剪,分别制定出反坦克及火箭弹的不同层次产品的环境应力筛选条件。结果通过分析试验验证,反坦克导弹及火箭弹实施环境应力筛选能够激发出产品的早期故障。结论环境应力筛选方案在某型反坦克武器及火箭弹武器装备中得到了成功应用。     

节能环保产业公司融资效率研究——基于四阶段DEA-Malmquist模型

在经典的DEA模型的基础上进行了修正,采用四阶段DEA模型,旨在剔除环境控制变量对效率测度结果的影响.同时,在DEA模型的基础上引入Malmquist指数分析法,以弥补DEA模型无法测度面板数据的缺陷.选取了2012年-2014年A股节能环保上市公司的面板数据,测度了样本的融资效率及三年的融资效率变化情况,结果表明:资源循环利用行业的融资效率最高,其次是环保行业,融资效率最低的是节能行业.样本企业总体的融资效率每年都在增长,但增长速度开始放缓.     

高速铁路建设的环境影响分析及环保策略建议——以沪宁城际铁路为例

近年来高速铁路发展迅猛,与此同时高铁对沿线环境的影响及生态破坏已成为社会关注的热点问题,并引起国家及地方政府的高度重视.以沪宁城际高速铁路为研究案例,首先分析了高速铁路建设对沿线自然及生态环境影响的调查内容、方法和过程,然后论述了铁路噪声、振动电磁辐射、污水及固体废弃物对沿线环境的影响,并论述各类污染的生态防护措施.在此基础上,对沪宁城际铁路环保经验进行了总结归纳,最后提炼形成中国高速铁路建设发展的环保策略建议.     

中国化工园区雨排系统环境风险防控研究

雨排系统是化工园区重要的基础设施,如果没有建立有效的环境风险防控体系,污染物有可能通过园区雨排系统排入外环境,造成重大环境影响.目前,中国已出台的有关化工园区雨排系统环境风险防控的政策法规缺少强制性和统一性,监管标准缺失导致环保部门缺乏行之有效的监管手段,园区规划阶段协同机制的不健全也增加了后期监管的难度.鉴于目前中国化工园区雨排系统环境风险防控方面存在的问题,建议国家和地方加快监管标准出台,强化相关政策的落实,优化园区雨排系统,实施分类、分级管控,同时加强企业的监管.     

Toward a framework of environmental risk management for CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> geological storage in china: gaps and suggestions for future regulations

China encourages the demonstration of carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects. In an effort to identify gaps and provide suggestions for environmental risk management of carbon dioxide (CO₂) geological storage in China, this article presents a concise overview of potential health, safety and environmental (HSE) risks and environmental management regulations for CO₂ geological storage in Australia, Japan, the United States (USA), the European Union (EU), and the United Kingdom (UK). The environmental impact assessment (EIA) experience of Shenhua Ordos Coal-to-Liquid (CTL) Project and PetroChina Jilin Oil Field enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is subsequently analyzed in light of our field investigation, and gaps in current EIA guidelines that are applicable to CO₂ geological storage projects are identified. It is found that there are no specific environmental risk regulations suitable for CO₂ storage in China, and environmental risk management lags behind the development of CCS technology, which presents a challenge to demonstration enterprises in terms of assessing environmental risk. One major challenge is the overestimation or underestimation of this risk on the part of the enterprise, and another is a lack of applicable regulations for government sectors to supervise the risk throughout CCS projects. Therefore, there is a pressing need for China to formulate environmental management regulations that include environmental risk assessment, mandatory monitoring schemes, environmental emergency plans, and related issues.     

低温低湿条件下污泥干燥动力学特性研究

为了研究污泥在低温低湿条件下的干燥规律,获得表征水分迁移过程的有效水分扩散系数(D_(eff))和活化能(E_a),以脱水污泥为研究对象进行了污泥低温低湿干燥试验,探讨了温度(30℃、35℃、40℃、45℃、50℃)和相对湿度(20%、40%、60%)对污泥水分比(MR)和干燥速率(DR)的影响。结果表明,污泥的低温低湿干燥过程属于内部迁移控制,即水分扩散速率决定干燥速率。根据试验数据建立了污泥水分迁移动力学模型,并与6种常用薄层干燥模型进行拟合,通过对决定系数(R~2)、方差(χ~2)和残差平方和(RSS)的比较,得出污泥低温低湿干燥过程可以用Page模型来描述。结合Fick第二定律,得到不同温度(30~50℃)、湿度(20%~60%)条件下污泥有效水分扩散系数的范围为(0.699~1.991)×10~(-9)m~2/s;对传统的Arrhenius公式进行湿度修正,获得了干燥介质温度和湿度对污泥干燥特性影响的数学模型及活化能E_a=23.83 k J/mol。     

In‐well sediment incubators to evaluate microbial community stability and dynamics following bioimmobilization of uranium

An in‐well sediment incubator (ISI) was developed to investigate the stability and dynamics of sediment‐associated microbial communities to prevailing subsurface oxidizing or reducing conditions. Herein we describe the use of these devices at the Old Rifle Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA) site. During a seven‐month period in which oxidized Rifle Aquifer background sediment (RABS) were deployed in previously biostimulated wells under iron‐reducing conditions, cell densities of known iron‐reducing bacteria, including Geobacteraceae, increased significantly, showing the microbial community response to local subsurface conditions. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles of RABS following in situ deployment were strikingly similar to those of adjacent sediment cores, suggesting ISI results could be extrapolated to the native material of the test plots. Results for ISI deployment with laboratory‐reduced sediments showed only slight changes in community composition and pointed toward the ability of the ISI to monitor microbial community stability and response to subsurface conditions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Ecological and economic impacts of green roofs and permeable pavements at the city level: the case of Corvallis,Oregon

A city's spatial footprint is covered by extensive impervious building roofs and paved surfaces, which contribute to greater storm-water runoff, more surface pollutants, and less carbon sequestration, hence, worse ecosystem services. This research conducts an empirical study on the ecological and economic impacts of a citywide adoption of green roofs and permeable pavements in Corvallis, OR. The effects on ecosystem services of using green roofs and pervious pavements for a low impact development are modelled using Integrated Value of Ecosystem Services Trade-offs and compared to those from the City's current conventional development without green roofs and pervious pavements. The differences are analysed for ecological impact by storm-water yield, storm-water purification, and carbon sequestration and economic impact by a cost-benefit comparison. The results indicate that low impact development, especially intensive green roofs on commercial/industrial buildings and permeable pavements for parking lots, plays a significant role, even with a higher initial implementation cost, for long-term urban sustainability.