混凝-Fenton法处理采油污水的研究

对采油废水进行混凝预处理后进行了Fenton处理 ,确定了Fenton试剂处理采油废水的最佳配比为H2 O2 ∶Fe2 +=5 0mmol L :1mmol L。同时利用GC MS色谱图探讨了混凝 -Fenton法对有机物的去除机理。结果表明 :混凝工艺去除了75 %的有机污染物 ,碳数低于 2 1的烷烃去除率可达到 80 %以上 ,同时还去除了所有的多环芳烃 ,但是对苯酚类物质的去除率只有 5 0 %。在Fenton过程中 ,铁的水解吸附和OH·的氧化作用并存 ,采油污水经过 12 0min的Fenton处理后 ,其中的烷烃类物质、酚类物质、多环芳烃物质能被完全氧化。     

The role of herbicides in the erosion of salt marshes in eastern England

Laboratory studies and field trials were conducted to investigate the role of herbicides on saltmarsh vegetation, and their possible significance to saltmarsh erosion. Herbicide concentrations within the ranges present in the aquatic environment were found to reduce the photosynthetic efficiency and growth of both epipelic diatoms and higher saltmarsh plants in the laboratory and in situ. The addition of sublethal concentrations of herbicides resulted in decreased growth rates and photosynthetic efficiency of diatoms and photosynthetic efficiency of higher plants. Sediment stability also decreased due to a reduction in diatom EPS production. There was qualitative evidence that diatoms migrated deeper into the sediment when the surface was exposed to simazine, reducing surface sediment stability by the absence of a cohesive biofilm. Sediment loads on leaves severely reduced photosynthesis in Limonium vulgare. This, coupled with reduced carbon assimilation from the effects of herbicides, could have large negative consequences for plant productivity and over winter survival of saltmarsh plants. The data support the hypothesis that sublethal herbicide concentrations could be playing a role in the increased erosion of salt marshes that has occurred over the past 40 years.     

Study of factors affecting on the extraction efficiency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soils using open-vessel focused microwave-assisted extraction

As part of an evaluation of focused microwave-assisted extraction (FMAE) using an open-vessel system, the effects of matrix, moisture content, ageing, and solvent have been studied on the extraction efficiency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from spiked soils. PAHs were spiked onto three different uncontaminated air dried and originally wet soil matrices with 1- and 20-day ageing periods. Solvents used were hexane–acetone (1:1), cyclohexane–acetone (1:1) and dichloromethane. FMAE only required a small amount of solvent (20 ml) and short extraction time (10 min) in the open cell under 90 W of microwave power. The results revealed that the extraction efficiency strongly depends on the nature of soil matrix; moisture content may enhance the recoveries of PAHs for many cases; and, the influence of the type of solvent is not significant. A comparison between microwave extraction and 16-h Soxhlet extraction has been made on spiked soils. It evidenced that the microwave method under ambient pressure is a suitable alternative to Soxhlet method for the analysis of PAHs in soils. For the evaluation of the developed FMAE method, three reference materials were used. The PAHs recovered from three reference materials were in a good agreement with reference values.     

城市降雨径流水质污染分析

目前我国对一些小流域的农业区面源污染积累较多经验，对城市面源污染的研究比较少，这是因为随着城市化进程的加速，这是人类在城市上的活动能力较农业区大幅度地增加，从而导致城市地面污染种类繁多复杂。本文通过应用径流形成原理理论对其进行初步分析，提出现行适用的控制城市径流污染的方法为工程和非工程的两大类。     

有毒化学物质对DNA的损伤——生成DNA加成物

本文涉及了环境中各种重要类型的化学致癌物并着重讨论了潜在致癌物与DNA加成物的化学反应及其生物影响,它包括简单烷化剂、简单非烷化剂以及代谢活化致突剂。不同烷化剂、简单非烷化剂、代谢活化致突剂与DNA的化学致癌反应部位,无论是在试管中试验还是在活体试验都有很大的不同。特别是N-亚硝基化合物和BaP曾作过详细研究,因为它们只在某个体系的特定器官使之成为恶性。尽管N-硝基化合物对人并不意味着致癌,但它很有可能就是致癌物。相反,某些在动物中致癌性很弱的烷化剂却被列为人体致癌物(氯乙烯、芥子气)或者人体可能的致癌物(硫酸二甲酯、乙烯氧化物)。     

道氏火灾爆炸指数评价法及应用

道氏火灾爆炸指数评价法应用于确定物质、设备及作业场所潜在危险性的原理和步骤,定量计算事故可能导致的危害程度和停产损失。为事故的预测和防范提供了科学依据,为安全生产管理评价工作提供了独特的评价方法     

一起"宏观异常"落实事件引发的思考

通过介绍发生在台站附近一次"宏观异常"落实事件,结合当前防震减灾工作的重点,就今后地震台站所面临的新形势,如何贯彻防震减灾总体发展战略和部署,发挥地震监测一线的重要作用作一探讨.本文提出了台站要转变思想,拓展职能,不断增强其基层窗口作用,向现代化、多功能、综合型的模式发展的新思路.     

制定上海市综合减灾"十一五"规划环境污染事故减灾分规划的研究

针对上海市国际大都市的功能定位及其自身的特点，为进一步加强、完善上海市应对突发性环境灾害事故处置体系，全面提升应对和处置突发性环境灾害事故的能力。制定上海市综合减灾“十一五”规划环境污染事故减灾分规划迫在眉睫。文章阐述了制定上海市综合减灾“十一五”规划环境污染事故减灾分规划的必要性、规划的内容以及规划实施的保障措施。     

苎麻脱胶废水处理工艺选择的探讨

我国苎麻产量位居世界之首，苎麻纺织品在国际市场上有一定竞争力。苎麻纺织工业的迅速发展，提出了治理苎麻脱胶废水的艰巨任务。本文在叙述了苎麻脱胶废水的难处理特性之后，分析介绍了该种废水的处理技术现状，提出了该种废水处理较佳的工艺流程。     

垂直电场对重金属络合物在土壤中迁移过程的影响

采用垂直直流电场,研究了EDTA施入到土壤后,在不同电场方向和强度下土壤Cu,Zn络合物在土柱中的迁移过程.结果表明,电场作用影响土壤中Cu,Zn络合物的迁移,电场强度越大,对络合物的迁移作用越显著.在阳极在上的电场环境下,电场作用能够有效减缓Cu,Zn络合物向下迁移,改变电场方向后,电场作用则能加速Cu,Zn络合物的向下迁移聚积.与对照相比,电场作用改变了土壤Cu,Zn在土柱中的分布,对土壤性质的影响主要集中在电极附近.